Prof.Dr. Soemitro Djojohadikoesoemo |
Unfinished
journey (39)
(Part
Nine thirty, Depok, West Java, Indonesia, September 5, 2014, 2:01 pm)
Indonesian
Economic Expert Prof.Dr. Soemitro Djojohadikoesoemo
in a
press conference once told me, that if you go into the business of doing
business is difficult rivaled the producers of other advanced countries, he was
member of examples of business in oil palm agricultural industry, other plants
can not grow in other countries could also be a commodity future .
Now what is
disclosed Soemitro become a reality, Indonesia is now exporting half of the
global palm oil demand, which is now not only just intended for cooking oil in
the kitchen, but it will be the fuel of the future is processed into biodiesel,
the market for the absorption populous country in the world such as China,
India and Russia.
The
results also prove the cooking oil from palm oil lower cholesterol than cooking
oil from coconut and corn.
Palm Oil |
Soemitro
Djojohadikoesoemo
From
Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Soemitro
Djojohadikoesoemo
Sumitro
Djojohadikusumo Suara Merdeka 2 Apr 1952 p1.jpg
8th
Indonesian Minister of Finance
In
office
April
3, 1952 – July 30, 1953
President Soekarno
Preceded
by Jusuf Wibisono
Succeeded
by Ong Eng Die
In
office
August
12, 1955 – March 24, 1956
President Soekarno
Preceded
by Ong Eng Die
Succeeded
by Jusuf Wibisono
7th
Indonesian Minister of Industry and Trade
In
office
September 6, 1950 – April 27, 1951
President Soekarno
Preceded
by Tandiono Manu
Succeeded
by Sujono Hadinoto
In
office
June
6, 1968 – March 28, 1973
President Soeharto
Preceded
by M. Jusuf
Succeeded
by Radius Prawiro
Personal
details
Born May 29, 1917
Kebumen,
Central Java, Dutch East Indies
Died March 9, 2001 (aged 83)
Jakarta,
Indonesia
Spouse(s) Dora Sigar
Children Prabowo Subianto
Hashim
Djojohadikusumo
Maryani
Djojohadikusumo
Bianti
Djiwandono
Alma
mater Sorbonne University
Religion Sunni Islam
Prof.
Dr. Raden Mas Soemitro Djojohadikoesoemo (often spelt Sumitro Djojohadikusumo)
(born in Kebumen, Central Java on May 29, 1917 and died in Jakarta on March 9,
2001) was one of Indonesia's most prominent economists. During his lifetime
Sumitro held several prominent roles including the Dean of the Faculty of
Economics at the University of Indonesia.
Soemitro's
children include Prabowo Subianto and the Indonesian entrepreneur Hashim
Djojohadikusumo. Bianti Djiwandono, his daughter is married to the former
Governor of Bank Indonesia, Soedradjad Djiwandono. His son Prabowo was briefly
married to Titiek Hediati, the daughter of former Indonesian president Suharto.
Early
life
Sumitro
was born in Kebumen, Central Java, on May 29, 1917, the eldest son in an aristocratic
Javanese family. Soemitro was the son of Margono Djojohadikusumo, the founder
of Bank Negara Indonesia and the first chief of DPAS and member of the
Committee for Preparatory Work for Indonesian Independence (Badan Penyelidik
Usaha Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia, or BPUPKI). He spent his childhood in
Java before moving to Europe, where he received his academic training, first at
the prestigious Sorbonne University in Paris and later at Economische
Hogeschool (the College of Economics) in Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
He
first won recognition as an economist at the age of 29, serving as an adviser
to the Dutch delegation attending the United Nations Security Council meeting
in London in 1946.
He
married his wife, Dora Sigar who was born in North Sulawesi, in 1947.
Government
and political career
In
March 1946 he returned to the newly independent Indonesia. He served in a
string of successive governments, starting as an assistant to prime minister
Sutan Sjahrir. In 1948 he was the deputy chief delegate representing Indonesia
at the UN Security Council meeting at Lake Success.
Palm Oil Plantation |
Following
Indonesia's international recognition in December 1949, Sumitro became chargé
d'affaires at the Indonesian Embassy in Washington, before becoming one of five
experts assisting the UN secretary-general.[1]
He
went on to serve as the a Cabinet Minister for both Sukarno and Soeharto.
During
the late 1950s, he became involved in what is known as the PRRI-Permesta
Affair, in which several disgruntled provinces in Sumatra and Sulawesi declared
their independence from the central government in Jakarta. The movement was
quickly crushed and Sumitro fled abroad.
A
brief summary of Soemitro's career is as follows:[2]
1946:
Staff assistant to Prime Minister Sutan Sjahrir.
1947:
President Director, Indonesian Banking Corporation.
1948-1949:
Deputy head, Indonesian delegation to the UN Security Council (deputy to L.N.
Palar)
1949:
Member, Indonesian delegation to the Round Table Conference in The Hague,
Netherlands.
1950:
Charge, Indonesian Embassy in Washington, DC.
1950-1951:
Minister of Trade and Industry, Natsir Cabinet.
1952-2000:
Professor, Faculty of Economics, University of Indonesia.
1952-1953:
Minister of Finance, Wilopo Cabinet.
1955-1956:
Minister of Finance, Burhanuddin Harahap Cabinet.
1958-1961:
Joined the PRRI/Permesta movement in opposition to the Jakarta central
government.
1958-1967:
Lived out of Indonesia, working as an economic consultant in Malaysia, Hong
Kong, Thailand, France and Switzerland.
1968-1973:
Minister of Trade in the First Development Cabinet appointed by president
Soeharto.
1973-1978:
Minister for Research in the Second Development Cabinet.
1986:
Chief Commissioner, PT Bank Pembangunan Asia; also active in the LP3ES NGO
think tank in Jakarta.
1985-1990:
Chair, Board of Supporters, Mercu Buana University, Jakarta.
Contributions
to Indonesian higher education[edit]
Soemitro
played a prominent role in the Faculty of Economics at the University of
Indonesia (FEUI). Post-independence Soemitro was the only Indonesian with his
doctorate in economics. Sumitro, as the only teacher with an economics
doctorate, had to turn to foreign lecturers from the Netherlands and lecturers
from other faculties to assist in educating the students at FEUI. As tensions
grew and Dutch professors were pushed out of their roles in the university,
Sumitro recognized the need for more Indonesian economists. Soemitro called
upon the Ford Foundation to help him to send a group of promising Indonesian
students to the University of California, Berkeley to study economics. This
group of students, known as the Berkeley Mafia, returned to Indonesia to serve
in several high profile government positions and are credited as the architects
of the Indonesian economy. The group included Widjojo Nitisastro, Mohammad
Sadli, Emil Salim, Subroto, and Ali Wardhana.
Despite
his very public socialist views, Sumitro was asked to be one of the founders of
the Indonesian Islamic University (Universitas Islam Indonesia, UII) in
Yogakarta. Without buildings, Sumitro and his colleagues taught their classes
in a mosque.
Palm Oil for cooking |
Wednesday,
13 November 1996
Sumitro:
Leakage rate has been more than 30%
_________________________________________________________________
JAKARTA (Media): Indonesian economic Begawan Prof. Dr. Sumitro
Djojohadikusomo indicated leakage rate of development budget
which in 1993 had reached 30% now more enlarged again.
However, a senior economist this statement did not elaborate.
Prof. Sumitro Djojohadikusomo say, 30% of which was allegedly leak
in 1993 was the result of the development of infrastructure and
corruption. "Nepotism at the central level has been imitated by
Region,"
he gives a reason.
Sumitro argued that answering the press yesterday in Jakarta
after giving a presentation about his views on literary
France, Andre Malraux at the French Cultural Center in Jakarta.
Some time ago Sumitro also been expressed about the magnitude
leakage of the development budget. If the leak can be
reduced, he said, the success of the development will be much more
increased compared to that achieved now.
When the remarks, the Chairman of the House of Representatives FPP Hamzah Haz
immediately sent a letter to the economic guru requested a hearing
discussing the leakage rate. However, through its letter
Sumitro rejected with the reason being sick.
While on the high bank interest rates Sumitro said
interest can be derived from any deregulation in various
field carried through to completion.
However, these economists believe that the Indonesian government was able to
overcome the economic crisis, including the control of interest rates. "I
sure, the government can handle it, "he said.
Last week Sumitro also explains the interest rate
Research and Technology Minister BJ Habibie expressed by too high and should be
lowered because it threatens the business and export. According to
Sumitro, if the interest rates lowered the country's economy could
bankrupt.
For that Sumitro give some suggestions with regard to
perbaikkan Indonesia's economic performance. The suggestion is that the
government
Do not focus so much on economic growth alone.
"The growth that is now about 7% was already good," he said.
What to do now is create jobs for
it is a way out to reduce economic disparity.
"Productive employment is the answer to the issue
gap, "he said.
Palm oil Biodiesel |
Sumitro not only an economic, but also a lover
culture. In his presentation, he expressed his admiration for Andre
Malraux met in France before World War II.
Acquaintance with Andre Malraux occurs when a riot
politics in some places in the world such as Japan to attack China
(1931/1932), German occupation of Czechoslovakia and some events
else in Europe.
Palm
oil production in Indonesia
From
Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Left:
Traditional oil palm plantations that are managed and owned by ordinary people
in Kampar regency, Riau. Right: View of palm oil plantation in Cigudeg, Bogor
Palm
oil production is important to the economy of Indonesia as the country is the
world's biggest producer and consumer of the commodity, providing about half
the world supply.[1] Oil palm plantations stretch across 6 million hectares.
The country plans by 2015 to add 4 million additional hectares towards oil palm
biofuel production.[2] As of 2012, Indonesia produces 35 percent of the world's
certified sustainable palm oil (CSPO).[3]
In
addition to servicing traditional markets, Indonesia is looking to put more
effort into producing biodiesel. China and India are the major importers of
palm oil, accounting for more than a third of global palm oil imports.
Production[edit]
Production
of palm oil in Indonesia has, since 1964, recorded a phenomenal increase from
157, 000 tonnes to 31 million tonnes in 2013.[4] Palm oil accounts for 11% of
Indonesia's export earnings of $5.7bn. Maintaining its status as the world’s
largest producer of palm oil, Indonesia has projected a figure of 40 million
tonnes by 2020. In this context, the global production figure given by Food and
Agricultural Organization (FAO) was 50 million tonnes for 2012, double the
production of 2002.[5] This increase is reflected also in increases of
Indonesia’s production of palm oil for the same period, from 10.300 million
tonnes in 2002 and 28.50 million tonnes in 2012.[4] The entire production of
the oil is derived from Indonesia's rainforest which ranks third in the world,
the other two being in the Amazon and Congo basins. According to the Indonesian
Palm Oil Association, one third of this production is attributed to smallholder
farmers and the remaining to the multinationals. Palm trees that were planted
about 25 years ago have an annual average production rate of four tonnes of oil
per hectare and now there are plans to increase this by introducing newer
varieties which could double the production rate per hectare.[5] Borneo and
Sumatra are the two islands which account for 96 percent of Indonesia’s palm
oil production.[6] As of 2011, area under oil palm plantations was 7.8 million
hectares of out of which 6.1 million ha were productive plantations under
harvest and thus Indonesia has become the global leader in Crude Palm Oil (CPO)
production. According to the World Bank reports nearly 50% of CPO produced in
the country is exported in an unprocessed form, while the remaining is subject
to processing into cooking oil out of which about 50% is exported and the
balance consumed is locally[7]
Uses[edit]
Palm
oil is an essential ingredient in the manufacture of myriad of products such as
many types of chocolates, chewing gum, lipstick, washing powder,[5] doughnuts,
soap, and biodiesel.[6] Palm oil use in Asia is very wide as cooking medium and
for noodles which has created a $44 billion industry. According to trade
reports one third of palm oil production in the world is imported to China and
India.[6]
Companies[edit]
Major
local and global companies are building mills and refineries, including PT
Astra Agro Lestari Terbuka (150,000 tpa biodiesel refinery), PT Bakrie Group (a
biodiesel factory and new plantations), Surya Dumai Group (biodiesel
refinery).[8]
Cargill
(sometimes operating through CTP Holdings of Singapore) is building new
refineries and mills in Malaysia and Indonesia, expanding its Rotterdam
refinery to handle 300,000 tpa of palm oil, acquiring plantations in Sumatra,
Kalimantan, and Papua New Guinea.[citation needed]
Robert
Kuok's Wilmar International Limited has plantations and 25 refineries across
Indonesia, to supply feedstock to new biodiesel refineries in Singapore, Riau,
Indonesia and Rotterdam.[8]
Indonesian
palm oil producer Triputra Agro Persada will reportedly increase its planted
area by about two-thirds from 2013 by 2015.[9]
In
August 2011, the governor of Aceh issued a permit for Indonesian palm oil firm
PT Kallista Alam to develop some 1,600 hectares in Tripa.[10]
Environmental
concerns[edit]
Remains
of peat forest in Indragiri Hulu, Riau Province, Indonesia to make way for oil
palm plantation.
See
also: Social and environmental impact of palm oil
Wild
Orangutan spotted in Kutai National Park, Borneo, Indonesia.
Sumatran
Tiger (Panthera tigris)
A
major environmental threat that palm oil production faces is the destruction of
rainforests (source for palm oil) in Indonesia and Malaysia (according to
reports deforestation accounted for a minimum of 8 million hectares of forest
land in Indonesia[7]). This deforestation has also resulted in serous threat to
endangered species such as pygmy elephants and Sumatran tigers, which live in
these forests. Also reported are human rights abuse in the form of using child
labour and "debt bondage" in the plantations of Borneo and
Sumatra.[6] According to a Greenpeace report palm oil production contributed
deforestation of 25% of forest land in Indonesia during the period 2009 -2011,
which has proved to be a serious threat to the habitat orangutan and the
Sumatran tiger which are for endangered species.[5][clarification needed]
In
Kalimantan, deforestation for oil palm plantation development is said to
endanger the living space of indigenous tribes and orangutans.[11][12]
Remedial
measures[edit]
The
Government of Indonesia has taken action to ensure sustainability. A moratorium
on the clearing of new forest has become effective from 2011 which will be
effective till 2015. The Indonesian Palm Oil Board has planned to adopt new
planting materials on the older plantations which could double the yield from
the present annual rate of four tonnes of oil per hectare. In addition, the
government will encourage development of degraded lands found suitable to grow
palm trees. This area is reported to be 14 million hectares in the four
provinces of Kalimantan, on the Indonesian part of the Borneo island.[5]
iputan6.com,
Jakarta surge in the consumption of palm oil for biodiesel processing in
Indonesia is predicted to slow the rate of growth of exports of agricultural
commodities in 2014 delivery failure increase palm oil for the first time
experienced by Indonesia since 2010.
As
quoted by Bloomberg on Monday (03/03/2014), Executive Director of the
Indonesian Palm Oil Association said Fadhil Hasan, the total exports of palm
oil this year is predicted to reach 21 million metric tons, equivalent to the
number of deliveries in 2013.
He
explained that the total consumption increased by 38% to 11 million tonnes.
Meanwhile, total production increased daro 26.5 million tons to 31 million
tons.
Data
United States Department of Agriculture (USA) shows, the high use of biodiesel
can change the title of the original Indonesian palm oil supplier in the
world's biggest consumer of these in the global arena.
Indonesian
palm oil prices continue to soar since October and reached its highest level in
2012 was due to the hot weather threatens crops in Indonesia and Malaysia
recorded 86% supply of palm oil inventories in the world.
The
two countries also need more palm oil to be processed into biodiesel.
"Initially
orientation is always to export palm oil., But now we see domestic consumption
and biodiesel as the two most significant factors affected if is government is
totally committed to the program," said Hasan.
This
year, approximately 3.4 million tonnes of palm oil will be processed into
biodiesel. The Indonesian government has ramped up the amount of biodiesel
blended with diesel increased to 10%. Meanwhile, PT Pertamina had already
secured 2.4 million kiloliters of biodiesel. (Continoe)
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