Unfinished journey (32)

Unfinished journey (32)

(Part thirty-two, Depok, West Java, Indonesia, September 3, 2014, 12:59 pm)

Habibie and his design Aircraft

 

Around 1987, when I was a reporter for Antara News Agency (LKBN Antara) my chief reporter Parni Hadi assigned to interview a Minister of Research and Technology (Technology) in the building BJ Habibie Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT) on Jalan Thamrin, Central Jakarta.

After shaking hands, we entered the office of Mr. Habibie, relaxed in the interview that took place that did not seem to spend four hours, because BJ Habibie much talked about Aircraft Industry (PT IPTN) and the future of the aircraft industry in Indonesia.

Now more and more Indonesian proved that traveling by planes, besides many flights in Indonesia sell tickets with cheap, but unfortunately the aircraft used aircraft industry in Indonesia is not made locally but ​​in the United States (Boeing) are also European-made Airbus. Still a bit artificial IPTN.

Habibie ang family

B. J. Habibie

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie

Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie official portrait.jpg

3rd President of Indonesia

In office

21 May 1998 – 20 October 1999

Vice President    none

Preceded by       Suharto

Succeeded by    Abdurrahman Wahid

7th Vice President of Indonesia

In office

10 March 1998 – 21 May 1998

President   Suharto

Preceded by       Try Sutrisno

Succeeded by    Megawati Sukarnoputri

1st Minister of Research and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia

In office

March 29, 1978 – March 16, 1998

Preceded by       No

Succeeded by    Rahardi Ramelan

Personal details

Born 25 June 1936 (age 78)

Pare-Pare, South Sulawesi, Dutch East Indies

Political party      Golkar

Spouse(s) Hasri Ainun Besari, (m. 1962–2010, her death)

Children     Ilham Akbar Habibie (b. 1963)

Thareq Kemal Habibie (b. 1967)

Alma mater         Bandung Institute of Technology (Mechanical Engineering 1954)

RWTH (B.E. 1955)

RWTH (Dr.-Ing. 1962)

Occupation         Engineer, Aviation Industrialist, Politician

Religion     Islam

Signature  

Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie About this sound pronunciation (help·info) (born 25 June 1936) was President of Indonesia from 1998 to 1999. His presidency was the third, and the shortest, after independence.

Habibie was born in Parepare, South Sulawesi Province to Alwi Abdul Jalil Habibie and R. A. Tuti Marini Puspowardojo. His father was an agriculturist from Gorontalo descent and his mother was a Javanese noblewoman from Yogyakarta. His parents met while studying in Bogor. Habibie's father died when he was 14 years old.

Studies and career in Europe

IPTN Aircraft

Habibie started a study aviation and aerospace at the University of Delft (Netherlands) but for political reasons (issue New Guinea)had to continue his study in Aachen, Germany.[1]

In 1960, Habibie received a degree in engineering in Germany, giving him the title Diplom-Ingenieur. He remained in Germany as a research assistant under Hans Ebner at the Lehrstuhl und Institut für Leichtbau, RWTH Aachen to conduct research for his doctoral degree.[2]

In 1962, Habibie returned to Indonesia for three months on sick leave. During this time, he was reacquainted with Hasri Ainun, the daughter of R. Mohamad Besari. Habibie had known Hasri Ainun in childhood, junior high school and in senior high school at SMA-Kristen, Bandung. The two married on 12 May 1962, returning to Germany shortly afterwards.[3] Habibie and his wife settled in Aachen for a short period before moving to Oberforstbach. In May 1963 they had a son, Ilham Akbar Habibie.

When Habibie's minimum wage salary forced him into part-time work, he found employment with the automotive marque Talbot, where he became an advisor. Habibie worked on two projects which received funding from Deutsche Bundesbahn.

Due to his work with Makosh, the head of train constructions offered his position to Habibie upon retirement three years later, but Habibie refused.[4][clarification needed]

In 1965, Habibie delivered his thesis in aerospace engineering and received the grade of "very good" for his dissertation, giving him the title Doktor der Ingenieurwissenschaften. During the same year, he accepted Hans Ebner's offer to continue his research on Thermoelastisitas and work toward his Habilitation, but he declined the offer to join RWTH as a professor per se. His thesis about light construction for supersonic or hypersonic states also attracted offers of employment from companies such as Boeing and Airbus, which Habibie again declined.[5]

IPTN Choopper

Habibie did accept a position with Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm in Hamburg. There, he developed theories on thermodynamics, construction, and aerodynamics known as the Habibie Factor, Habibie Theorem, and Habibie Method, respectively. He worked for Messerschmit on the development of the Airbus A-300B aircraft. In 1974, he was promoted to vice president of the company.[6]

Habibie's time in Europe may have contributed to his interest in Leica cameras.

Career in Indonesia[edit]

In 1974, Suharto recruited Habibie to return to Indonesia as part of Suharto's drive to industrialize and develop the country. Habibie initially served as a special assistant to Ibnu Sutowo, the CEO of state oil company Pertamina. Two years later, in 1976, Habibie was made Chief Executive Officer of the new state-owned enterprise Industri Pesawat Terbang Nusantara (IPTN).[6] (In 1985, PT. Nurtanio changed its name to Indonesian Aviation Industry and is now known as Indonesian Aerospace (Dirgantara)). In 1978, he was appointed as Minister of Resesarch and Technology. He continued to play an important role in IPTN other "strategic" industries in this post.[6] By the 1980s, IPTN had grown considerably, specializing in the manufacture of helicopters and small passenger planes; by 1991, Habibie oversaw ten state-owned industries including ship- and train-building, steel, arms, communications, and energy.[6] A 1993 estimate determined that the estimates used nearly $2 billion a year in state funding, although the government's opaque accounting practices meant that the size of the industries was not completely known.[7]

Habibie became a pilot, assisted in his training by A.B. Wolff, former chief of staff of the Dutch Air Force. In 1995, he flew an N-250 (dubbed Gatotkoco) commuter plane.

In developing Indonesia's aviation industry, he adopted an approach called "Begin at the End and End at the Beginning".[8] In this method, elements such as basic research became the last things upon which to focus, whilst actual manufacturing of the planes was placed as the first objective. Under Habibie's leadership, IPTN became a manufacturer of aircraft including Puma helicopters and CASA planes. It pioneered a small passenger airplane, the N-250 Gatokaca, in 1995, but the project was a commercial failure.[9]

Member of Golkar[edit]

File:President Suharto announces his retirement, ABC 1994.webm

1994 ABC news report of Suharto announcing he would retire in 1998, including an interview with Habibie - the then Research and Technology Minister - declaring no interest becoming president.

In Suharto's regime, as was expected of senior government executives, Habibie became a member of the Golkar organisation. From 1993–1999, he was a daily coordinator for the chairman of the executive board.

Vice presidency[edit]

In January 1998, after accepting nomination for a 7th term as President, Suharto announced the selection criteria for the nomination of a vice president. Suharto did not mention Habibie by name, but his suggestion that the next vice president should have a mastery of science and technology made it obvious he had Habibie in mind.[10]

In that year, in the midst of the Asian Financial Crisis, this suggestion was received badly, causing the rupiah to fall. Despite this and protests (the former minister Emil Salim tried to nominate himself as vice president), Habibie was elected vice president in March 1998.

Presidency[edit]

Main article: Post-Suharto Era

East Timor[edit]

Habibie opposed East Timorese Independence but did consider giving East Timor special autonomy.[11]

In late 1998, John Howard, then Prime Minister of Australia advised Indonesia of a change in Australian foreign policy, to whit Australia would advocate a referendum in East Timor on independence within a decade. Other international pressure also mounted on Indonesia to allow self-determination for the province. Wishing to avoid the impression that Indonesia ruled East Timor as a colony, Habibie surprised some by announcing that a referendum, offering a choice between special autonomy and independence, would be held in East Timor. ABRI opposed this decision.

On 30 August 1999, the referendum was held and the East Timorese people overwhelmingly chose Independence in mostly free and fair elections. However, the retreat of Indonesian troops from East Timor created the 1999 East Timorese crisis where many were killed. Although Habibie favored the quick deployment of a UN peacekeeping force to halt violence, the military opposed this plan. On September 10, General Wiranto allegedly threatened to stage a military coup if Habibie allowed in peacekeeping forces, causing Habibie to back down.[12] Habibie also publicly ordered security personnel to stop violence in the territory, but his orders went largely unheeded.

Suharto's corruption charge[edit]

The MPR Special Session in November 1998 declared that an investigation should be made into corruption in Indonesia, focussing particularly on Suharto.

Habibie formed a special commission on corruption which, to the Reformasi, represented a gesture of good faith. The noted lawyer Adnan Buyung Nasution was invited to chair the investigation. The broad scope of the terms of reference Nasution suggested was unacceptable to Habibie, who then appointed Attorney General and loyalist, Andi Muhammad Ghalib.

On 9 December 1998, Suharto was questioned for three hours by Ghalib. The Habibie government declared that Suharto had gained his wealth through corruption.

A tape of a telephone conversation between Habibie and Ghalib was made public. It raised concerns about the veracity of the investigation by suggesting that the interrogation of Suharto was intended only for public appearances.[13]

Under Habibie, the Indonesian government also began investigating and prosecuting Suharto's youngest son, Tommy Suharto. Tommy was charged by Ghalib in December 1998 in conjunction with the Goro scandal, where the government, under pressure from Tommy, allegedly gave him a desirable parcel and below-market loan for the construction of a Goro supermarket. However, Tommy was found innocent in the case after several key witnesses, including one of Habibie's aides - Rahardi Ramelan - changed their testimony and declared that the deal did not cause losses to the state.[14]

The economy[edit]

Habibie's government stabilized the economy in the face of the Asian financial crisis and the chaos of the last few months of Suharto's presidency.[15]

Social issues[edit]

Habibie's government began to make concilliatory gestures towards Chinese Indonesians who, because of their elite status, were targeted in the riots of 1998. In September 1998, Habibie issued a 'Presidential Instruction' forbidding use of the terms pribumi and non-pribumi to differentiate indigenous and non-indigenous Indonesians.[16]

In May 1999, Habibie issued a further instruction directing that a display of an ID card would suffice as proof of Indonesian citenzenship, whereas previously, displaying a 'Letter of Evidence of Republic of Indonesia Citizenship' (SBKRI) was required. Although the Chinese Indonesian community was not mentioned specifically, it is clear these policies were targeted towards Chinese Indonesians who, in the Suharto years, were referred to as non-Pribumi and had to display the SBKRI to prove their Indonesian citizenship.

Education[edit]

When Habibie was State Minister for Research and Technology, he created the OFP (Overseas Fellowship Program), SMDP (Science and Manpower Development Program) and STAID (Science and Technology for Industrial Development). These three programs were to provide scholarships to thousands of students to continue their study for master’s and doctorate program in the United States, Europe, Japan, and other countries.

Political Reform[edit]

Under Habibie, Indonesia made significant changes to its political system that expanded competition and freedom of speech. Shortly after taking office, in June 1998, Habibie's government lifted the Suharto-era restriction on political parties and ended censorship by dissolving the Information Ministry. He also quickly committed to holding democratic elections, albeit on an initially vague timetable. In December, he proposed political reform laws that were passed by the legislature and MPR session. These laws set elections for December 1999, reduced the number of seats in parliament held by the military, and barred political activity by civil servants.[17]

However, political opponents criticized Habibie for agreeing to give the military some seats in parliament, and taking little action on other military and judicial reforms.[18] The military retained its territorial command system and practice of seconding officers to civil-service posts, and there were few prosecutions for Suharto-era corruption under Habibie.

End of presidency[edit]

Although he had been viewed as leading a transitional government, Habibie seemed determined to continue as president. He was initially unclear about whether he would seek a full term as president when he announced parliamentary elections in June 1998.[17] Habibie faced opposition from many within the government party, Golkar; in July 1998, he struggled to win control of the party by appointing Akbar Tandjung as chair of the party, but was ultimately able to defeat a rival camp including former Vice President Try Sutrisno, Defence Minister Edi Sudrajat, Siswono Yudhohusodo, and Sarwono Kusmumaatmadja.[19]

However, at the same time, Habibie began to lose support from Akbar Tandjung and a faction in Golkar, composed of both reformers and hardliners, that wanted to oust him. In March 1999, Golkar put forth five presidential nominees: Habibie, Tandjung, Wiranto, Hamengkubuwono X, and Ginandjar Kartasasmita.[20] In May 1999, Golkar announced that Habibie would be their presidential candidate after extensive lobbying, but a large faction in the party remained loyal to Tandjung and opposed to Habibie.[21]

At the 1999 MPR General Session in October, Habibie delivered an accountability speech which was a report of what he had achieved during his presidency. Once this was completed, MPR members began voting to decide if they would accept or reject his speech. Habibie attempted to win the support of the military by offering the vice-presidency to General Wiranto, but his offer was declined.[22] Tandjung's Golkar faction broke with the ranks and voted against him, and his accountability speech was rejected by 355 votes to 322. Seeing that it would be inappropriate to press his candidacy for the presidency after having his accountability speech rejected, Habibie withdrew his nomination.

Post-presidency[edit]

Since relinquishing the presidency, he has spent more time in Germany than in Indonesia, though he has been active during Susilo Bambang Yudoyono's presidency both as a presidential adviser and through the Habibie Centre to ensure democratisation in Indonesia.

In September 2006, he released a book called Detik-Detik Yang Menentukan: Jalan Panjang Indonesia Menuju Demokrasi (Decisive Moments: Indonesia's Long Road Towards Democracy). The book recalled the events of May 1998 which led to his rise to the Presidency. In the book, he controversially accuses Lieutenant General Prabowo Subianto, Suharto's son-in-law (at that time) and the Kostrad Commander, of planning a coup d'état against him in May 1998.

Family[edit]

Habibie was married to Hasri Ainun Besari, a medical doctor, from 12 May 1962 until her death on 22 May 2010. The couple had two sons, Ilham Akbar Habibie and Thareq Kemal Habibie. B. J. Habibie's brother, Junus Effendi Habibie, was Indonesian ambassador to the United Kingdom and the Netherlands.[23][24] After his wife's death, Habibie published a book titled Habibie & Ainun which recounts his relationship with Hasri Ainun from their courtship until her death. The book has been adapted into a film of the same name which was released on December 20, 2012.[25]

Biography (Complete) BJ Habibie: Mr. Technology and Democracy Indonesia

APRIL 2, 2009

tags: father technologies Indonesia, Habibie biography, Biography figures, bj Habibie

Young future

Prof. DR (HC). Ing. Dr. Sc. Mult. Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie or BJ Habibie known as (73 years) is a man Pare-Pare (South Sulawesi) birth June 25, 1936 President Habibie became the 3rd Indonesia for 1.4 years and 2 months became the Vice President to-7. Habibie is a "blaster" between the Java [mother] with the Napier / Pare-Pare [his father].

IPTN Aircraft

The days of small, Habibie has shown intelligence and high spirits on science and technology, particularly Physics. For six months, he enrolled in the Mechanical Engineering Institute of Technology Bandung (ITB), and continued to Rhenisch Wesfalische Tehnische Hochscule - With Germany in 1955 was financed by his mother, RA Tuti Marini Puspowardoyo, young Habibie spent 10 years to complete the study of S-1 to S-3 in Aachen-Germany.

In contrast to the average Indonesian students who received scholarships abroad, college Habibie (especially S-1 and S-2) funded directly by the mother who did business catering and boarding in London after her husband left to go (Habibie's father). Habibie mengeluti field of aircraft design and construction at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering. During the five years of study in Germany Habibie finally obtain a degree or diploma Dilpom-Ingenenieur technique (note: diploma engineering in Germany is generally equated with a Master / S2 in other countries) with summa cum laude.

Mr. Habibie continued doctoral program after marrying his high school friend, Mrs. Hasri Ainun Habibie in 1962 Together with his wife living in Germany, Habibie had to work to pay for tuition costs at the same household. Habibie explore the field of Design and Construction Aircraft. In 1965, Habibie S-3 completed his studies and received the degree of Doctor Ingenieur (Doctor of Engineering) with a GPA summa cum laude.

Career in the Industry

During a student doctoral level, BJ Habibie has begun work to support his family and the cost of his studies. After graduation, BJ Habibie working in Messerschmitt-Bolkow-Blohm MBB or Hamburg (1965-1969 as Head of Research and Development on Aircraft Struktrur Analysis, and then served as Chief of the Division of Methods and Technologies in industrial commercial and military aircraft in MBB (1969- 1973). Upon performance and kebriliannya, 4 years later, he was believed to be the Vice President and Director of technology at MBB period from 1973 to 1978 and became Senior Penasihast technology to MBB Board (1978). he became the only Asian man who managed to occupy number two position in the German aircraft company.

Before entering the age of 40, the Habibie career is very bright, especially in the design and construction of aircraft. Habibie be the "jewel" in the land of Germany, and he got the "respectability", both materially and intellectually by the Germans. During work on MBB Germany, Habibie contributed various research results and a number of theories for science and technology in the field of Thermodynamics, Construction and Aerodynamics. Some well known in the world of theory formulation aircraft as "Habibie Factor", "Habibie Theorem" and "Habibie Method".

Back to Indonesia

In 1968, BJ Habibie has invited a number of engineers to work on the German aircraft industry. About 40 Indonesian engineers can finally work in MBB above recommendation Habibie. This is done to prepare skill and experience (HR) Indonesian engineers to someday return to Indonesia and the aerospace industry to make the products (and later maritime and terrestrial). And when (the late) President Soeharto send Ibnu Sutowo to persuade Germany to meet while Habibie returned to Indonesia, BJ Habibie was immediately willing and releasing position, and a position of high prestige in Germany. This is done in order to contribute Habibie science and technology in the nation. In 1974 at the age of 38 years, BJ Habibie returned to their homeland. When she was appointed as a government adviser (directly under the president) in the field of technology and high-tech aircraft to 1978 from the year 1974 to 1978, however, Habibie was often home to go to Germany because they served as Vice President and Director of Technology at MBB.

Habibie began to really focus after it releases a high position in the German MBB Aircraft Company in 1978 and since then, from 1978 to 1997, he was appointed Minister of State for Research and Technology (Research and Technology) also serves as the Chairman of the Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT). Besides, Habibie was also appointed as Chairman of the National Research Council and various other positions.

CN-235 aircraft belonging to the Turkish Air Force

CN-235 aircraft belonging to Air Force works IPTN Spain

When it became Minister of Technology, Habibie implement its vision to bring Indonesia into the high-tech industry. He encourage a leap in the development strategies of agrarian jump straight to the advanced industrial countries. His vision is immediately brought to Indonesia being the industry gets opposition from various parties, both within and outside the country that requires a gradual development that started from the focus of investment in agriculture. However, Habibie has a sturdy faith be his vision, and there is a "quote" from the famous Habibie namely:

"I have some roomates figures compare the cost of one kilo of airplane Compared to one kilo of rice. One kilo of airplane costs thirty dollars and one thousand US kilos of rice is seven cents. And if you want to pay for your one kilo of high-tech products with a kilo of rice, I do not think we have enough. "(Source: BBC: BJ Habibie Profile -1998.)

The sentence above is a weapon Habibie to argue with his political opponents. Habibie would like to explain why the tech industry is very important. And he compare prices of products from high-tech industries (high tech) with agricultural produce. He shows the data that the price of 1 kg of aircraft is USD 30,000 and 1 kg of rice is 7 cents (USD 0.07). This means that 1 kg airplane is almost equivalent to 450 tons of rice. So by making a 1 piece aircraft with a mass of 10 tons, will be obtained rice 4.5 million tonnes of rice.

Habibie mindset welcomed by Mr. Harto.Pres. Suharto was willing menggangarkan extra funds from the state budget for the development of technology projects Habibie. And in 1989, Suharto gave "power" over the Habibie Habibie to give confidence to lead the strategic industries such as PINDAD, PAL, and PT IPTN.

Habibie became Indonesia-1

Materially, Habibie has been very well established when he worked in the German company MBB. In addition to well-established, Habibie has a very strategic position at the same time the Vice President Senior advicer in German high-tech companies. So Habibie plunged into administration not to seek for fame or power per se, but more in the sense of "thank you" to the state and people of Indonesia and also to his parents. Similar attitude was shown by Kwik Kian Gie, ie, after becoming rich and prosperous at first, and Huey retired from his business and plunge into the world of the new politics. Not vice versa, which is mostly done by the politicians today who become politicians in search of fortune / popularity so no wonder the mushrooming corruption.

Three years after returning to Indonesia, Habibie (age 41 years) received the title of Professor of Engineering of ITB. During 20 years as the Minister, finally on March 11, 1998, Habibie was elected as Vice President 7th via General Session. In the time that the economic crisis (financial crisis) takes place in Asia, including Indonesia. The rupiah plummeted from Rp 2,000 per dollar to Rp 12,000 per dollar late. Foreign debt maturity so that swell due to the depreciation of the rupiah. This diperbarah by private banks experiencing liquidity problems. Inflation soared above 50%, and unemployment started to happen everywhere.

At the same time, the public hatred culminated with a new order that is laden system corruption, collusion, nepotism committed by Soeharto's cronies (officials, politicians, conglomerate). In addition to corruption, relatively authoritarian Suharto government, which captures vocal activists and students.

Triggered firing 4 students (Trisakti Tragedy) on May 12, 1998, public outrage erupted and activists, especially among college students in the New Order government. The movement of students, activists, and all the people in the 12 to 14 May 1998 to the momentum change of the New Order regime leader Mr Hato. And on May 21, 1998, President Suharto was forced to resign from the post of president which he held for about 32 years. During the 32 years that, authoritarianism and grow sumbur CCN. For 32 years of that, many truths are silenced. Starting from the turn of the Sukarno government (and exile Pres Sukarno), G30S-PKI, Supersemar, until the alleged conspiracy Suharto with the Americans and allies who dredge natural resources by the families of the capitalists under the banner korpotokrasi (including the CIA, Duni Bank, IMF and conglomeration ).

Suharto's resignation, the then Deputy BJ Habibie was appointed as the 3rd President under section 8 of the 1945 Constitution, however, his tenure as president lasted only 512 days. Although very brief, the leadership of President Habibie was able to bring the nation of Indonesia on the brink of collapse due to the crisis. President Habibie successfully led the country out of the ultra-crisis situation, implement the transition from state otorian be democratic. Successfully conducting the 1999 elections with multi parti (48 parties), successfully brought signifikn changes in stability, democratization and reform in Indonesia.

Habibie was the first president of Indonesia who received many awards, especially in the field of science and technology both domestically and abroad. His services in the field of aircraft technology to deliver, he received an Honorary Doctorate degree (Doctor Honoris Causa of) from the world's leading berbagaai University, among others, Cranfield Institute of Technology and Chungbuk University.

Special Notes BJ Habibie

Habibie, Suharto Meet

"Implement just a good job, I pray that Allah always protected Habibie in performing the task. We'll meet in the inner course ", continued Soeharto refused to meet with Habibie in a telephone conversation on June 9, 1998.

(Habibie: Decisive Moments. Pages 293)

One of the common questions and still many people do not know is how Habibie who lives on the island of Celebes could meet and familiar with Suharto who spent almost all his life in Java?

Habibie first meeting with Suharto occurred in 1950 when Habibie was 14 years old. At that time, Suharto (Lieutenant Colonel) came to Napier in order to fight the insurgents / separatists in eastern Indonesia during the Sukarno government. Lt. Col. Suharto lived opposite the family home Mr. Alwi. Because the mother is Javanese Habibie, Suharto was then (the Javanese) received very well by the Habibie family. In fact, Suharto was also present when Habibie's father died. Moreover, Suharto became "matchmaker" Habibie sister's wedding with men (soldier) Lieutenant Colonel Suharto. Proximity Suharto-Habibie, Suharto has continued despite returning to Java after a successful counter-insurgency in eastern Indonesia.

After completing his studies Habibie (about 10 years) and worked for almost 9 years (a total of 19 years in Germany), Habibie finally called back to their homeland by Pak Harto. Although he did not get a scholarship to study German government, Mr. Habibie remain willing to return to serve the country, especially the request came from Pak Harto which is actually a 'teacher' for Habibie. Habibie decided to return to Indonesia to give knowledge to the people of Indonesia, returned to build a high-tech industry in the archipelago.

With Ibn Sutowo, Habibie came back to Indonesia and met with President Suharto on January 28, 1974 Habibie proposes some idea of ​​development as follows:

The idea of ​​construction of the archipelago aircraft industry as a strategic industry spearhead

The idea of ​​the establishment of Research and Development Center for Science and Technology (Puspitek)

The idea of ​​Sciences Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT)

Habibie initial ideas into input for Suharto, and began to materialize when Habibie served as the Minister period 1978-1998.

However, his future, Suharto-Habibie relationship seems to crack. This is because a variety of Habibie who allegedly "shaming" Pak Harto. Sacking Lt. Gen. (ret) Prabowo from KOSTRAD position as Strategic Reserve Command forces mobilized to Jakarta (Palace and Brass) without coordination boss is one policy that is 'painful' Pak Harto. Though Prabowo Soeharto is a favorite son who has been educated and nurtured into a successor Suharto. Examination as graft suspect Tommy Soeharto helped create 'hot' with BJ Habibe government policies, especially on several occasions in the media, BJ Habibie gave the green light to examine Soeharto. Though Tommy is the son of "gold" Pak Harto. And so much opposed to the Suharto government policy in the field of press, politics, the law until the unconditional release of political prisoners such as Sri Bintang Pamungkas Suharto and Mukhtar Pakpahan.

Habibie: Mr. Technology Indonesia *

Habibie thoughts that "high-tech" got "heart" Pak Harto. It could be said that Suharto admired the thought Habibie, so his thoughts easily approved pack Harto. Soeharto agreed budgeted "extra funds" to develop ideas Habibie. Ease of access and proximity Suharto-Habibie considered by various parties as a form of collusion-Habibie, Suharto. Moreover, some parties do not agree with the mindset Habibie, Suharto government would spend considering the substantial funds for the development of high-tech industries such as Habibie advice.

On 26 April 1976, Habibie established PT. Aircraft industry and became the first aircraft industry in Southeast Asia (note: Mr. Nurtanio meruapakan Indonesian Aircraft Industry Pioneer). Aircraft Industry later renamed Nusantara Aircraft Industry (IPTN) on October 11, 1985, then direkstrurisasi, became Indonesian Aerospace (PT DI) in 2000 Agustuts istimewapun treatment experienced by other strategic industries such as PT PAL and PT PINDAD.

Since the establishment of the state statregis industries, each year Suharto government has allocated a relatively large budget to develop high-tech industries. And budget with very large numbers issued since 1989 where Habibie led strategic industries. However, Habibie has a logical reason for that is to start a high-tech industry, would require a huge investment with long periods of time. The result may not be felt immediately. Durian tree planting alone took 10 years to harvest, especially high-tech industry. Therefore, over the years the style of strategic industry Habibie has yet to yield and consequently the state continue to fund the operating costs of strategic industries is quite large.

Strategic industries ala Habibie (IPTN, PINDAD, PAL) eventually gives results such as airplanes, helicopters, weapons, training and maintenance capabilities (maintenance service) for aircraft engines, ammunition, ships, tanks, armored vehicles, rifle caliber , water cannons, RPP-M vehicles, combat vehicles and much more for both civilian and military purposes.

For an international scale, BJ Habibie involved in the design and construction of various projects such as the Fokker aircraft F 28, Transall C-130 (military transport), Hansa Jet 320 (executive jets), Air Bus A-300, DO-31 transport plane (plane technology dangn land and take off vertically), CN-235 and CN-250 (aircraft with the technology of fly-by-wire). In addition, Habibie indirectly involved in the project calculations and design BO-105 helicopter type, multi-function fighter aircraft, some missiles and satellites.

Panzer 6x6 Artificial PINDAD

Because the patterns of thought that, then I consider him as the father of Indonesian technology, how much success the liberated style of strategic industries Habibie. Because we know that in 1992, the IMF Soeharto instructed to not provide operating funds to IPTN, so that by the time it began to enter the IPTN critical condition. This is because the satellite Habibie made his own plans (note: the 1970 Indonesia is the 2nd largest satellite usage), the plane itself, as well as its own military equipment. This is supported by 40 0rang Indonesian experts who have work experience in the satellite maker Hughes Americans will be drawn back to Indonesia to develop high-tech industries in Indonesia. If this is true, then this will threaten American technology industry (reducing the market share) and of concern high-tech capabilities and the Indonesian military.

Indonesian Aerospace

Indonesian From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Pending changes shown on page iniBelum Checked

Question book-new.svg

This article does not have a reference or a trusted source so that its contents can not be ascertained. Help fix this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Posts without sources can be questioned and removed at any time by the Board.

PT Indonesian Aerospace (PT. DI)

The current logo

Type Strategic State-Owned Enterprises

Industry / services Aerospace and Defense

Established August 24, 2000, changed to PT Indonesian Aerospace in Bandung

Headquarters Bandung, Indonesia

Commercial Aircraft Products

military aircraft

aircraft components

servicing aircraft

defense

Engineering (engineering)

Employees 3,720 (2004)

Website www.indonesian-aerospace.com

building PTDI

PT. Indonesian Aerospace (DI) (English name: Indonesian Aerospace Inc.) is the first aircraft industry and the only one in Indonesia and in Southeast Asia. The company is owned by the Indonesian Government. DI was founded on April 26, 1976 under the name of PT. Aircraft Industry and BJ Habibie as President Director. Aircraft Industry later renamed Nusantara Aircraft Industry (IPTN) on October 11, 1985 After being restructured, IPTN later changed its name to Indonesian Aerospace on August 24, 2000.

Sikumbang era plane Nurtanio

Indonesian Aerospace not only aircraft but also produces a variety of helicopters, weapons, provide training and maintenance services (maintenance service) for aircraft engines. Indonesian Aerospace also be a sub-contractor for the aircraft industries in the world such as Boeing, Airbus, General Dynamic, Fokker and others. Indonesian Aerospace employees have been up to 16 thousand people. Due to the economic crisis that hit Indonesia, Indonesian Aerospace rationalizing its employees to be of around 4000 people.

In the early to mid-2000s Indonesian Aerospace began to show its revival, many orders from foreign countries such as Thailand, Malaysia, Brunei, Korea, the Philippines and others. [Need citation needed] However, as judged unable to pay the debt in the form of compensation and retirement benefits and retirement benefits to former employees, DI declared bankrupt by the Commercial Court at the Central Jakarta District Court on September 4, 2007 [1] However, on October 24, 2007 decision of the bankruptcy canceled. [2].

Year 2012 is the moment of awakening Indonesian Aerospace. In early 2012 Indonesian Aerospace successfully sent 4 South Korean CN235 aircraft orders. In addition, Indonesian Aerospace also is trying to complete three CN235 aircraft orders of the Navy, and 24 Super Puma Eurocopter Heli.

In addition to some of the aircraft Indonesian Aerospace is looking to build a C295 aircraft (CN235 jumbo version) and N219, as well as cooperation with South Korea in building KFX stealth fighter.

Contents [hide]

1 The early history

1.1 LAPIP

1.1.1 Wren

1.2 LIPNUR

2 Production

2.1 Fixed Wing Aircraft

2.2 Components plane (as a sub-contractor overseas manufacturers)

2.3 Helicopter

2.4 Other

3 Director

4 External links

5 References

The early history [edit | edit source]

Nusantara Aircraft Industry (1976-2000)

Habibie Era logo IPTN

Previous type Strategic State-Owned Enterprises

Industry / services Aerospace and Defense

Established August 23, 1976, based on notarial deed of 15 on 26 April 1976 in Jakarta

closed in 2000

Headquarters Bandung, Indonesia

Commercial Aircraft Products

military aircraft

aircraft components

servicing aircraft

defense

Engineering (engineering)

16,000 employees

BJ Habibie, Father of Modern Indonesian Aircraft Industry

Nurtanio, Mr. Pioneer Indonesian Aircraft Industry

LAPIP [edit | edit source]

Stands for the Aviation Industry Preparation Institute was inaugurated on December 16, 1961, was formed by the rafters to prepare for the Aviation Industry that has the ability to support the Indonesian national airline

In connection with this LAPIP in 1961 signed a cooperation agreement with CEKOP (Polish aircraft industry) to build an aircraft industry in Indonesia.

Contract with CEKOP:

Construct buildings for aircraft manufacturing facility

HR training

PZL-104 Wilga produce under license as Wren

Wren [edit | edit source]

Wren aircraft produced as many as 44 units, is used as an agricultural aircraft, light transport, and aero-club

LIPNUR [edit | edit source]

In 1965 Standing KOPELAPIP (commander for Aircraft Industry) and PN. Aircraft Industry Self-Reliance by presidential decree. After Nurtanio died in 1966, the Government of combining KOPELAPIP and PN. Aircraft Industry Berdikari be LIPNUR short Nurtanio Aviation Industry Institute in honor of the late pioneering Nurtanio.

Then after that came a change Habibie LIPNUR into the future IPTN been recorded as the most advanced aircraft industry in developing countries.

Production [edit | edit source]

Fixed-wing aircraft [edit | edit source]

N-2130, Project Terminated due to the Asian financial crisis in 1997

N-250 (prototype flight test phase) [3]

NC-212 [4] [5] [6]

CN-235 [7] [8] [9]

N-219 [10] [11] [12]

N-245, the development of the CN-235 aircraft with increased capacity [13]

Sikumbang production era Nurtanio

Grasshopper production era Nurtanio

Fireflies production era Nurtanio

Wren LAPIP era production license of CEKOP Poland (now known as PZL)

Aircraft components (as a sub-contractor overseas manufacturers) [edit | edit source]

Components of Boeing 737 wing

Components of a Boeing 767 wing

Components wing of Airbus A320

Component of Airbus A330 wings

Components of an Airbus A340 wings

Component of Airbus A380 wings

The wings of the Airbus A350 components [14]

Tail component of the Sukhoi Superjet 100 [15]

Helicopters [edit | edit source]

NBO 105 is widely used in Indonesia, the license of the German MBB. Suspended since July 2011.

NBK 117

412 NBell license from Bell Helicopter, USA

NAS 330 Puma license from Aerospatiale, France

Eurocopter Super Puma 332 Development of Puma, a license from Eurocopter, France

Eurocopter Fennec 105 replacement NBO [16] [17]

Eurocopter Ecureuil 105 replacement NBO [18]

Eurocopter EC725

Tailboom and fuselage of the EC 725 and EC 225 [19] [20]

Other [edit | edit source]

SUT Torpedo

2 MW Steam Turbine by PT Nusantara Turbine Propulsion (a subsidiary of PT. DI) [21]

Steam Turbine 4 MW by PT Nusantara Turbine Propulsion (a subsidiary of PT. DI) [22]

Hovercraft [23]

R80 aircraft –design by former Minister of Technology BJ Habibie works are now included preliminary design phase or preliminary design contained in the business plan. The plan in 20 years, as many as 400 units of this aircraft will be produced in the factory of PT Indonesian Aerospace (PT DI), Bandung, West Java.

"We are now in the business plan. 400 aircraft in 20 years," said President Director of PT Ragio Aviation Industries (RAI) Agung Nugroho in the signing of the MoU between PT RAI with Dassault Systèmes at the Hotel Indonesia Kempinski, Jakarta, Tuesday (8/4 / 2014).

Agung said after the preliminary design is complete, in the period 2014-2017 with a capacity of 80 passenger aircraft is entering into the detail design, prototype and subsequently made ​​a more detailed aircraft design. After the prototype, the aircraft will enter the stage of testing certification and first flight.

"Human resources we will take from PT DI, because we do not have large human resources, but we have experts to develop the R80. We enter the final stages of preliminary design, detail design afterwards, elaborated into more detail," said General .

In the same place, Commissioner of PT RAI which is also the son of BJ Habibie, Ilham Habibie said the end of the year is expected to be completed early designs. So the next year, the prototype can be made.

"We're not finished, we have not select engines, the cockpit if we have bakukan design. Perhaps middle or end of the year. When it completes the definition of the plane is okay, then we can provide a price," said Ilham. (Continoe)