Age energy reserves Indonesia increasingly longer

Oil Drilling

Age energy reserves Indonesia increasingly longer

By: Muhammad Jusuf *

The price of crude oil in the world market by June 2014 and then are still around US $100 a barrel, is now 20 Nofwmber degenerate so below U $ 80 per barrel (between U $ 84-U $ 86 perbarel, or slump continued in the last three months.

But, oddly enough the Government of Joko Widodo – and Muhammad Jusuf Kalla is preciselyhow dare raise the price of gasoline and diesel oil so that it could trigger the skyrocketing inflation and weakening the purchasing power of the community. So the price of nine staples and transportation costs are also rising, which invites a variety ofprotest among the public, especially students.

Apart from the rise in the price of FUEL polemics (diesel and petrol) it let's see how bigthe potential energy reserves in Indonesia.

Fifteen years ago the researchers and the international energy agency, has estimatedreserves of petroleum in Indonesia with the existing rate of consumption will be exhausted within the next fifteen years.

Fifteen years ago the production capabilities of Indonesia could reach 1.5 Jutes barrels per day, half in domestic consumption.

Now, why Indonesia could still produce crude oil, even though the number continued to decline only by about 1 million barrels a day, largely in domestic consumption.

One reason is the discovery of new oil exploitation technology. As we know with theconventional methods of petroleum reserves that we can suck out of the bowels of the Earth at most 15% of existing reserves.

But with the technology of enhanced oil recovery steam flood, menyuntuikkan withhot steam (steam flood) to existing oil wells, oil reserves bum ibisa in exploitationmore 15% longer as it has long done PT Caltex Indonesia (now Chevron) oil field in duri, Riau.

The second reason, the new inestasi in the field of petroleum exploitation continue to be done so that new oil reserves, though small, has continued to be discovered.

Reconstruction of petroleum dependence to consumption vehicles and electricity generation in Indonesia is quite large.

However, due to the diversification of the use of energy for electricity generation is now done using coal energy.

Almost all new power plants now use energy coal.

The original use of coal for electricity generation is not popular, because air pollutioncaused. Now, with the discovery of air filtration system then could coal dust filtered,even coal dust could be utilized as an ingredient pencanpu cement, coal energy backso popular in the world.

That's why Indonesia is now not only are taking coal to electric power plants, but alsoexported to many countries.

No wonder Indonesia is one of five countries in the world to get away from the impact of the world economic crisis, in addition to South Korea, Mexico, Turkey and Poland.

Indonesia survived the impact of the world economic crisis thanks to its exports ofcommodities such as coal, Tin and palm oil.

U.s. Geological Survey Oil and Gas Journal, 1995 – 2000 and then in his reportestimated petroleum reserves in Indonesia, thinning, which is now estimated to beonly available for a period of about 15 years. The matter of assuming such high levels of consumption now, which is at the range of consumption growth rate of 5-6 percenta year. Estimated it could be worse if the pattern of life of the community thatIndonesia is very wasteful in the use of fossil energy is still maintained. It's hard to imagine what's going on in this country if you experience prolonged energy supplyshortages.

U.s. Geological Survey Oil and Gas Journal, 1995 – 2000, also reported the United States can only produce petroleum and enjoy less than half a decade, includingCanada, United Kingdom, Norway, Egypt, Australia, Argentina, and Ecuador. In this group, according to the U.s. Geological Survey Oil and Gas Journal, includingIndonesia. The same sources also estimate State-negaraseperti China, Negeria,

Algeria,Malaysia, Colombia, Oman, India, Qatar, Angola, Romania, Yemen, Brunei, and can still enjoy the May this fossil in the next 50 years. In addition, countries also reported thatoil production can be sustained to his earth 100 years such as: Saudi Arabia, Russia,Mexico, Libya, Brazil, Trinidad, and Azerbeijan, Iran and Venezuela. And it turns outthere are some countries that could resume production of wassail and his oil for a period of over 100 years in the future, such as Iraq, the United Arab

Emirates, Kuwait,Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Tunisia, and Uzbekistan.

Although there is still a petroleum reserves in various parts of the world, but it is not possible to offset our dependency rate very high on the fossil energy. There are at least approximate limits, once upon a time the petroleum cannot be sucked up from the bowels of the Earth. By looking at the condition of the energy reserves of petroleum are depleting, prio

Although there is still a petroleum reserves in various parts of the world, but it is not possible to offset our dependency rate very high on the fossil energy. There are at least approximate limits, once upon a time the petroleum cannot be sucked up from the bowels of the Earth. By looking at the condition of the energy reserves of petroleum are depleting, top priority should be done way to solve it is to reduce theconsumption of fuel. After that attempt to replace fossil energy with alternative energy.Some countries such as the United States, Japan, Brazil, China, India andseveral European countries already are gearing up to cope with the aftermath ofdepletion of petroleum. They have started to make use of ethanol and biodiesel as an alternative to replacement of petroleum energy.

Indeed the need for alternative energy to reduce FUEL usage is very urgent. Indonesiaalso has made numerous attempts to resolve the energy problems, such as developingfuel from plants (biofuel) is currently the subject of much attention among. Biofuel is afuel made from vegetable oils. Some sources of biofuel feedstock is Palm (palm),distance (jatropha), sorghum, maize, sugarcane and cassava (casava). Indonesia is a country that is so rich in natural plant-based sources are required as a raw material of biofuels tsb, live expert power supply problems.

Besides Biofuels nuclear energy an alternative that is suitable for Indonesia. As is known to the French State to use nuclear energy to meet the energy needs of 80 percent.Unfortunately, the development of nuclear energy constrained problems of technology and human resources so that the necessary cooperation with foreign parties.

What makes nuclear less popular in Indonesia? Maybe Government efforts for nuclearmensosialisikan is still lacking. Nuclear is only seen from the downside only. The role of mass media in disseminating much needed nuclear energy as long as it only inmass murderers as a tool to draw. So hopefully we're not too late to decide on the use of nuclear energy.

Not until such time as we have started to accept the fact to inevitably accept the use of nuclear energy, we are very far behind in the provision of expert personnel.

Indonesia was lucky enough in addition to petroleum, we also have natural gas reserves, although Production is now increasingly degenerated. If 10 years agoIndonesia was the main exporter of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in the world, has nowslumped to fifth rankings skipped Malaysia, Qatar, Australia and Brunei Darussalam.

Natural gas reserves are the mainstay of Indonesia's Arun gas field, Lhok Seumawe, Aceh continue

to diminish. Refinery capacity of LNG at Arun once passed, then sixtrain, now live one train operating.

So does liquefied natural gas refinery in Bontang, East Kalimantan, of the six train, now lives a two-train operation.

Fortunately Indonesia new gas reserves discovered in the Tough, new liquid natural gas, which are now exported to China.

Gas potential in Indonesia, is still quite large. Even much larger compared to the crude oil potential estimated in 12 more years out.

"The potential of gas in Indonesia reached 107,34 trillion cubic feet, its evenlythroughout Indonesia, in contrast to the potential oil reserves are depleting.

Potency (proven) gas in Indonesia, the possibility also still can thrive. There is still thepotential that possibility can still be developed again by 52,29 trillion cubic feet.

See the potential that the Government attempted to divert the gas utilization ofenergy from oil to gas. "Moreover, Indonesia as well as gas production is still low at around 670 thousand cubic feet per day.

While the potential for oil in Indonesia reached 4, 303.10 billion barrels, while itspotential possibilities can still be developed achieved 3, 685,39 billion barrels.

With the condition that, he said, the existing oil pontesi, with oil production, currentlyaround 900 thousand barrels per day, is expected to run out in 12 years. It's justendless, estimates, the oil, it is also not necessarily the truth, because there is still the possibility of finding new oil reserves.

"It used to be 10 years ago there were an estimated oil in Indonesia in 10 years out.The fact after 20 years still exists and there are forecasts of a new 12-year low, "he explained.

The amount of oil and gas reserves in Indonesia, it is indeed comparatively very minimal, compared to the potential oil and gas reserves in the world oil producing countries, such as Saudi Arabia.

Instead, he said, Indonesia is relatively rich in natural resources, water, sunlight, Woods, but not rich with oil and gas resources, but also rich in energy coal.

In 2012, Indonesia was able to export coal reach 330 million tons of total production capacity reaching 400 million. The rest, used to meet domestic needs.

By 2020 Indonesia is capable of producing 40 million tons of CPO a year. When the use of highquality seedlings sustained system maintenance and integratedfertilization.

In order to realize the target, the National Forestry Plan (RKTN) 2011-2030, the Government has allocated forest area which is used for the plantation sector.

"Currently, the vast Forest Conversion (PPC) Production of around 17.94 hectares.About 4.06 million hectares of which, the Government allocated in 2011-2030 RKTNabout forest area which is used for non-forestry sector, such as plantations, "he said.

"Bioetanol, both Biodiesel and fuel is produced from a variety of plants that existed inIndonesia. With ability like that, then there is no reason not to develop this biodieselenergy.

Palm oil plantations in Indonesia is growing by leaps and bounds since the early 80sand until the end of 2003, total area of palm oil plantations in Indonesia have reached4.9 million hectares with a production of CPO (crude palm oil) of 10,68 million tons.

This palm plantations, development is still ongoing and is expected to be in the next five years Indonesia will become the largest CPO producer in the world with a totalproduction of 15 million tons/year.

One of the downstream product of palm oil could be developed in Indonesia-in addition to most of the results are still dieskpor in the form of CPO, and domesticallyprocessed into food products, mainly cooking oil--is biodiesel, which can be used as an "alternative fuel", especially for diesel engines.

"With the increasing petroleum prices lately, it's time if Indonesia started developingbiodiesel, both for domestic consumption and for export.

Biodiesel is a liquid fuel that is specially formulated for diesel made from vegetable oils (bio-oil), without the need to modify the dieselnya machine.

"To use this, it can be pure Biodiesel biodiesel, as well as material substitution onpetrodiesel blend, with between 5 to 20%. A variety of vehicles, ranging from trucks, buses, tractors, to industrial machines can use biodiesel fuel it.

Even a car Toyota Innova latest output-with his real-commond-can use it. He gave the example that one of the cars Toyota Innova belong to researchers have been able totravel the distance 9.195 km with the use of biodiesel fuel.

* Senior freelance Journalist

yusuf.agusno@gmail.com