How do I pay zakat with paper money

How do I pay zakat with paper money


PRACTICAL GUIDE PAPER MONEY ZAKAT

By
Ustadz Abu Muhammad Fawaz Wasitho Lc, MA



In the classical fiqh books mentioned that zakat levied on gold and silver in its function as a medium of exchange. And now, almost no one country using gold and silver as a medium of exchange. Now the function of gold and silver as a medium of exchange has been replaced with paper money that are intrinsically worthless.

A. THERE ZAKAT OBLIGATION ON PAPER MONEY?
Perhaps none of the Muslims who are wondering, if the currency can be treated the same as gold and silver with the consideration of the money can be used and recognized as a medium of exchange, so that there is an obligation to her charity; Or on the contrary, the money can not be treated the same as gold and silver by looking at its intrinsic value, thus no obligation of zakat to him?

In this issue of the scholars have talked about it and there is a difference of opinion between them into two opinions:

First: There is no obligation of zakah on money held by a person unless intended for trading capital. If intended as a living or put up money for a wedding, or a similar one then there is no zakat.

Second: There is the obligation of zakat in any currency (paper money) held or collected by someone from the trade or business profit results rent or salary or any similar results, with the proviso that the money has reached nishab and spin for a Hijriyah. The zakat obligation regardless, whether the money collected is intended for trading or venture capital for a living or for a wedding, or other purposes.

Among the arguments a second opinion this is the generality of the word of Allah Almighty:

خذ من أموالهم صدقة تطهرهم وتزكيهم بها وصل عليهم

Of whom be thou (O Muhammad) take alms of their wealth with which you clean them of their sins and improve their circumstances, as well as for their bershalawatlah. [At-Tawbah / 9:103]

Similarly, based on the generality of words of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam to z Mu'adh bin Jabal when he sent him to the country of Yemen:

أعلمهم أن الله افترض عليهم صدقة في أموالهم تؤخذ من أغنيائهم فترد على فقرائهم

Teach them that Allah has made obligatory upon their zakat on treasures that they have taken from the rich and distributed them to those poor people. "[HR. II/544 Bukhari no. 1425, no.4090 IV/1580, I/50 and Muslim no. 31, from Ibn 'Abbas radi anhuma]

And money including property that is generally affected by the obligation of zakat, due to the various kinds of money in circulation at this time and applies in general to muamalah Muslims, has replaced gold (dinar) and silver (dirham) levied at the time of the Prophet sallallaahu zakat 'alaihi wa sallam. Money in lieu of gold (dinar) and silver (dirhams) a benchmark in assessing the price of an item as well as the dinar and dirham at that time.

Legal Affairs: Having explained the above two opinions Ulama, then rajih (correct and robust) for us is a second opinion based on the arguments that have been mentioned. That is the obligation of zakat in any currency which is still in force in any State. This opinion is difatwakan by the Standing Committee for Fatwa and Discussion Ilmiyyah Affairs, KSA, headed by Shaykh Abdul 'Aziz bin Baz in Fataawa al-Standing Committee (IX/254, 257), Shaykh Muhammad bin Salih al-' Uthaymeen in asy -Syarhul Mumti '(VI/98-99, 101), and much more.

B. TERMS obligatory ZAKAT MONEY
Each currency (paper money) which applies in any country, whether it be dollars, riyals, dollar, yen, ringgit or otherwise-well-kept and not mandatory is gathered if it has to meet two requirements as zakat of gold and silver. The two conditions are:

First: Ttelah reach nishab, which is worth gold nishab (20 dinar/85 grams of pure gold), or the worth of silver nishab (200 dirham/595 grams of pure silver).

Second: Treasure senishâb (or more) that have been spinning for a year hijriyah since owned. While the levels of zakat is 2.5% (two and a half percent).

Obligation of zakat on paper money to the obligation of zakat diqiyaskan on gold and silver. Because there are similarities' illat (because the law) on both (paper money with gold-silver). Illat (because the law) as it is the nature of currency (an-naqdiyah) and the price (ats-tsamaniyyah). 'This is illat' illat inferred ('illat istinbath) from various hadith which suggests that the nature of the currency (an-naqdiyah) and the price (ats-tsamaniyyah), on which the obligation of zakat in gold and silver. Among other hadith of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam:

فهاتوا صدقة الرقة من كل أربعين درهما درهم

Then bring (pay) Zakat riqqah (printed silver as currency), which out of every 40 dirhams (zakat) 1 dirham. [HR. Abu Dawood no.1574 I/494, III/16 620 At-Tirmidhi, and Ahmad I/92 no.711, of Ali ibn Abi Talib radi anhuma].

The mention of the word "riqqah" (printed silver as currency) in the above hadith-and not with words Fadha (silver) - indicate the nature of the currency (an-naqdiyah) and the price (ats-tsamaniyyah). And nature is not only materialized on the silver or gold is used as currency, but also on the current bill, even though it is not backed up by gold or silver. So now mandatory dizakati banknotes, as obligatory zakat on gold and silver.

Therefore, anyone who has the money has to meet two requirements above, reaching nishab and has been spinning for a year hijriyah, it shall issue a zakat of 2.5% (two and a half percent) of the total money they had.

C. STANDARD PAPER MONEY zakat measurement
With regard to money zakat measurement, there may well ask, Which used standard, gold nishab (20 Dinar/85 grams of pure gold), or nishab silver (200 dirham/595 grams of pure silver), if the fact that there was no paper money guaranteed by gold and silver as well as in Indonesia and in many other countries?

Most scholars argue that in the present age is the benchmark in the charity currency (paper money) is nishab silver. Because this is what can unite between nishab gold and silver. Likewise, using silver nishab be more beneficial to the poor people.
There is also among the scholars who argue that the zakat is used as a benchmark currency (paper money) is nishab gold. Among those reasons are as follows:

1. Silver values ​​have changed after the time of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam and the days afterward. It is different from the calculated value of gold is stable.

2. If nishab synchronized with gold, then it will equal or close to the other as zakat measurement nishab on livestock (camels, goats early sapid, pent). Zakat measurement is 5 tails camel, goat charity nishab the tail is 40, and the similar one. [See Saheeh Sunnah Fiqhis II/22].

From the above two opinions, we (the authors) are more likely to choose a second opinion and that using the gold standard for zakat nishab currency (paper money) because of the reason that so powerful. Similarly, because of the increasing standard of living and skyrocketing costs needs. [See al-Fiqh al-Islami wa Adillatuhu work Wahbah Az-Zuhaili, II/773].

D. METHOD OF CALCULATION AND SPENDING MONEY ZAKAT
Once we know that, and set the standard nishab nishab zakat money is gold, which is 20 dinars or 85 grams of gold. Then how to calculate and issue zakat money is as follows:

As an example of the problem: When the current (October 2011) pure gold price Rp.550.000, -/gram. So I know nishab and levels of zakat currency (paper money) are as follows:

Currency nishab = 85 grams x Rp.550.000, -/gram = Rp.46.750.000, -

Suppose if someone had the money savings of Rp. 50,000,000 (Fifty Million), meaning the money he had already exceeded nishab (Rp.46.750.000, -). If money has been reached nishab has been owned for one year hijriyah, then zakat is obligatory issued is = 2.5% x Rp. 50 million = Rp. 1,250,000 (One Million Two Hundred Fifty Thousand).

E. Can ZAKAT REMOVED BEFORE ARRIVAL TIME?
According to the majority of scholars allowed zakat obligations issued before it was time for including the urge to kindness. It is based on the hadith narrated by Ali bin Abi Talib radi 'anhu, he said:

أن العباس بن عبد المطلب سأل النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم في تعجيل صدقته قبل أن تحل, فرخص له في ذلك

That al-'Abbas bin Abdul Muttalib asked the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam about spending zakat means to hasten before the time comes. So the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam gave him leeway to do so. [HR. 822 I/104 Ahmad, Abu Dawud no.1624 I/510, III/63 678 At-Tirmidhi, Ibn Majah no.1795 I/572, and others. Shaykh al-Albani judge this hadeeth hasan in Irwâ 'al-Ghalîl (no. 857) with syawahid (narrations amplifier) ​​available]

Similarly, a brief explanation of the practical guide zakat of paper money as well as procedures for calculating and releasing them. May be useful knowledge for writers and readers, ameen. Almighty Allaah knows best Bish-showab.

[Copied from the Sunnah Edition magazine 10/Tahun XV/1433H/2011. Published Lajnah Foundation Istiqomah Surakarta, Jl. Solo - Solo Purwodadi Gondangrejo Km.8 Selokaton 57 183 Tel. 0271-858197 Fax 0271-858196]