When the Prophet Muhammad SAW Isra Mirad besides Allah had orders to Salah (prayer), the Prophet also shown Heaven and Hell condition.
The Prophet saw the majority of the inhabitants of heaven is the needy who believe, while the inhabitants of hell are women, you can see some hadiths that explain Mirad Isra (The Prophet Muhammad's journey from Masjid al-Haram in Mecca to Asqo Mosque (in Jerusalem) to the seventh sky to receive direct orders dai Allah that all Mankind perform prayers five times a day and have faith in Allah.
If your life was in my throat, you repent already closed the door, including the door charity, sehinng if you Passed away, apapu as much wealth you can not help you on the Judgment Day, unless, charity dinietkan reward your family for your prayers goodly child, and that bemanfaat Sciences.
DEATH BEFORE COMING SOON charity
Let someone always delay in doing good deeds for worldly busyness. Because, as long as man is alive, he will not escape from the bustle. Sensible person would put the affairs of the Hereafter will come, and beat the affairs of the world are definitely abandoned. Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala says:
ياأيها الذين ءامنوا لا تلهكم أموالكم ولآ أولادكم عن ذكر الله ومن يفعل ذلك فأولئك هم الخاسرون وأنفقوا من ما رزقناكم من قبل أن يأتي أحدكم الموت فيقول رب لو لآ أخرتني إلى أجل قريب فأصدق وأكن من الصالحين ولن يؤخر الله نفسا إذا جآء أجلها والله خبير بما تعملون
O ye who believe, do not treasure-your wealth and your children divert you from the remembrance of Allah. Whoever is doing so, then they are the ones who lose. And spend of what We have given you before death comes to one of you, 'and he said: "Yes, Rabbku. Why do not you suspend (death) until my near future, which led me to give alms and I include righteous people. "And Allah will never suspend (death) when it comes time someone died., and Allah is Knowing of what you do. [Al Munafiqun: 9-11].
Therefore, a person shall utilize the best possible life, filled with good deeds before the coming of death. Imam Bukhari narrated:
عن عبد الله بن عمر رضي الله عنهما قال أخذ رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم بمنكبي فقال كن في الدنيا كأنك غريب أو عابر سبيل وكان ابن عمر يقول إذا أمسيت فلا تنتظر الصباح وإذا أصبحت فلا تنتظر المساء وخذ من صحتك لمرضك ومن حياتك لموتك
From Abdullah ibn Umar, he said: Rasululloh n hold my shoulders, and said, "Be thou on earth as if a stranger or a traveler." And Ibn 'Umar said: "If you go in the dawn of time, you shall not waiting afternoon. If you go in the evening, you shall not waiting for the dawn. Take from your health for your sickness. And take it from your life for your dead. "[Bukhari, no. 5937].
And let every person be aware of wishful thinking longevity, thus suspending the good deeds. The Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said:
يكبر ابن آدم ويكبر معه اثنان حب المال وطول العمر
Son Adam is getting old, and two cases with the greater: love wealth and longevity. [Bukhari, no. 5,942, from Anas ibn Malik].
Indeed, for the past 60 years a person has lived a long time in this world, enough for a person contemplating the purpose of life, so there is no udzur for people who have reached that age.
عن أبي هريرة عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال أعذر الله إلى امرئ أخر أجله حتى بلغه ستين سنة
From Abu Hurairah, the Prophet n, He said: "Allah negates the reason someone who has delayed his death so he reaches 60 years. [Bukhari, no. 5940].
CLOSING
Terminate this paper, we bring the following statement Hamid Al Qaishari, as follows: "We all have embraced death, but we do not see people getting ready for it! We all have to believe in heaven, but we do not see people who do good for her! We have all believed in hell, but we do not see people who fear him! So for what you rejoice? Chances are you waiting for? Death! That's the first case to come to you with goodness or badness. O, my brothers! Walk facing the lord (God) with a nice trip ". [Mukhtasar Minhajul Qashidin, p. 483, tahqiq: Sheikh Ali bin Hasan Al Halabi].
Hopefully this article reminds us how important it is to prepare for death, which is a major problem faced by every human being. Imam Ibn Majah narrated:
عن البراء قال كنا مع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم في جنازة فجلس على شفير القبر فبكى حتى بل الثرى ثم قال يا إخواني لمثل هذا فأعدوا
Of Al Bara ', he said: We are with the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam on a corpse, and then he sat down on the edge of the grave, and then he cried so the soil gets wet, then he said: "O, my brothers! Thus, prepare for something like this, "[Reported by Ibn Majah, no. 4,190, dihasankan by Shaykh Al-Albani].
So a little about dzikrul death, may be useful. Lastly we say: Oh, my brothers! Prepare yourself to face death! "
Allaah Al Musta'an.
REMEMBERING DEATH
By
Muslim cleric Abu Isma'il al Atsari
If you've heard stories about people who live eternally in this world, it's actually just a tale of vanity. Some people think there are people in this world of eternal life, as Khidhir q, Dhu'l-Qarnayn or other. Such beliefs are not recognized in Islam. Because, no man is eternal life in this world.
Death, which is really a frightening nature, all men will come. No one is able to resist it. And no man is able to hold him comrade.
Death came again and again, pick any person, parents and children, rich and poor, the powerful and the weak. Everything is faced death with the same attitude, there is no ability to avoid it, there is no power, no help from others, no rejection, and no delays. All it implies, that the deaths came from the owner of the most high strength. Although a little, no one man has authority over death.
Only in the hand of God giving life alone. And only in His hands, taking back which he has given the death that has been outlined. Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala says:
كل نفس ذآئقة الموت وإنما توفون أجوركم يوم القيامة فمن زحزح عن النار وأدخل الجنة فقد فاز وما الحياة الدنيا إلا متاع الغرور
Every soul shall taste death. And only on the Day of Resurrection shall you be paid your wages. Whoever kept away from hell and put in heaven, then indeed he has been lucky. The life of this world is nothing but a deceptive pleasure. [Ali Imran: 185].
Death is an ordinance of God. If there is someone who survived death, undoubtedly the most precious human will survive. But death is SunnahketetapanNya over all creatures. Allah says:
إنك ميت وإنهم ميتون
Surely you (Prophet Muhammad sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam) will die and verily they will die (anyway). [Az Zumar: 30].
No human being eternal in this world.
وما جعلنا لبشر من قبلك الخلد أفإن مت فهم الخالدون كل نفس ذآئقة الموت ونبلوكم بالشر والخير فتنة وإلينا ترجعون}
We do not make eternal life for a human being before thee (Muhammad), then if you die, whether they be eternal? Every soul shall taste death. We will test you with evil and goodness as a trial (in truth). We are the only to you and returned. [Al Anbiya :34-35].
AVOID DEATH?
Power of God encompasses everything. He has set upon the death of a human being. So however people try to avoid him, death was still going after him. Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala says:
أينما تكونوا يدرككم الموت ولو كنتم في بروج مشيدة
Wherever you are, death will find you out, even if you are in the high castle again sturdy. [An Nisa ': 78].
قل إن الموت الذي تفرون منه فإنه ملاقيكم ثم تردون إلى عالم الغيب والشهادة فينبئكم بما كنتم تعملون
Say: "Verily, the death from which you flee, then surely death will find you, then you will be returned to (Allah), who knows the Unseen and the Visible, and He will tell you of what you have done". [Al-Jumu'ah: 8].
وجآءت سكرة الموت بالحق ذلك ما كنت منه تحيد
And came to breathe his last in truth. That's what you always run away from him. [Qaf: 19].
Death as proof of God's power, and there is nothing anyone can beat him. Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala says:
نحن قدرنا بينكم الموت وما نحن بمسبوقين
We have determined the death of you and we can never be defeated [Al Waqi'ah: 60].
God's challenge to those who think that they are not ruled by God, by restoring the lives of people who are dying, if indeed they are true. Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala says:
فلو لآ إذا بلغت الحلقوم وأنتم حينئذ تنظرون ونحن أقرب إليه منكم ولكن لا تبصرون فلو لآ إن كنتم غير مدينين ترجعونها إن كنتم صادقين
So why when it lives up in the esophagus. Though you when it saw, and We are nearer to him than kamu.Tapi you do not see, then why if you are not controlled (by Allah). You do not restore the life (the position) if ye are truthful. [Al Waqi'ah :83-87].
Humans will not escape from death, even death that enveloped him. Imam Bukhari has narrated:
عن عبد الله رضي الله عنه قال خط النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم خطا مربعا وخط خطا في الوسط خارجا منه وخط خططا صغارا إلى هذا الذي في الوسط من جانبه الذي في الوسط وقال هذا الإنسان وهذا أجله محيط به أو قد أحاط به وهذا الذي هو خارج أمله وهذه الخطط الصغار الأعراض فإن أخطأه هذا نهشه هذا وإن أخطأه هذا نهشه هذا
Of Abdullah, he said: The Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam made a rectangular outline, and he made a line down the center out of it. He makes small lines to the existing line in the middle of the side that is in the middle. He said, "This man, and the death that surrounds it, or been around it. This is coming out his dreams. And these little lines are calamities. If it escapes from it, this is definitely about it. If it escapes from it, it definitely hit it. "[Bukhari, no. 5938].
If so, then how could man ran away and saved from death? Know, real life in this world is limited and only briefly. Intelligent person, do not be fooled by the glitter deserve the world, so forget about the stock towards the afterlife.
عن أبي هريرة أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال أعمار أمتي ما بين الستين إلى السبعين وأقلهم من يجوز ذلك (جة 4236, 3550 ت, الصحيحة 757, وهو حديث حسن)
From Abu Hurairah, verily the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said: "My people age between 60 to 70 years. And very few of those who pass through it. "[Reported by Ibn Majah, no. 4236; Tirmidhi, no. 3,550. See Ash Shahihah, no. 757].
WHEREAS RECOMMENDED DEATH
Many hadiths were reminded about death, so that people always remember that life in the world is not eternal. That man standing by with supplies needed when a long journey later. Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said:
عن أبي هريرة قال قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أكثروا ذكر هاذم اللذات يعني الموت
Expand remember breakers pleasure, namely death. [Reported by Ibn Majah, no. 4,258; Tirmidhi; Nasai; Ahmad].
In the history of Ath Thabrani and Al Hakim are additional:
أكثروا ذكر هاذم اللذات: الموت, فإنه لم يذكره أحد في ضيق من العيش إلا وسعه عليه, ولا ذكره في سعة إلا ضيقها عليه
Expand remember breakers pleasure, namely death. Because a person is not actually remember it in a narrow time of his life, except (remember death) that live on the narrowness loosen it. And remember at the time someone is not extensive (life), except (remember death) that narrows the breadth of the person's life. [Saheeh Al Jami'ush Sagheer, no. 1,222; Saheeh At Targhib, no. 3.333].
Syumaith bin 'Ajlan said:
من جعل الموت نصب عينيه, لم يبال بضيق الدنيا ولا بسعتها
Whoever makes the death in front of his eyes, he does not care about the narrowness of the world or the vastness. [Mukhtasar Minhajul Qashidin, p. 483, tahqiq Sheikh Ali bin Hasan Al Halabi].
Many people who remember death and prepare it with faith that is authentic (right), monotheism Khalish (pure), righteous deeds (according to guidance), with the sincere intention of the foundation, which is the most sensible.
عن ابن عمر أنه قال كنت مع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فجاءه رجل من الأنصار فسلم على النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ثم قال يا رسول الله أي المؤمنين أفضل قال أحسنهم خلقا قال فأي المؤمنين أكيس قال أكثرهم للموت ذكرا وأحسنهم لما بعده استعدادا أولئك الأكياس
From Ibn 'Umar, he said: I'm with Rasululloh sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam, then an Ansari man came to Him, then say hello to the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam, then he asked: "O, Messenger of Allah. Which among the believers is the most important? "He replied," The most well depraved among them. "He asked again:" Which of the believers of the most ingenious? "He replied," The most remembering of death among those , and best of preparations after death. They are the people who are dodgy. "[Reported by Ibn Majah, no. 4,259. Hasan hadith. See Ash Shahihah, no. 1,384].
Let us consider the glorious words of the Prophet:
يتبع الميت ثلاث فيرجع اثنان ويبقى واحد يتبعه أهله وماله وعمله فيرجع أهله وماله ويبقى عمله
Deceased will be followed by three cases (to the grave), the two will be back, one will remain. Deceased will be followed by his family, his property, and his deeds. His family and his property will be returned, while the charity will remain. [Bukhari, Muslim, Tirmidhi, Nasa-i]
DEATH WHEN PEOPLE regret KAFIR
Do not underestimate someone rejects faith and good deeds, because someday will surely regret it. Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala says:
حتى إذا جآء أحدهم الموت قال رب ارجعون {99} لعلي أعمل صالحا فيما تركت كلآ إنها كلمة هو قآئلها ومن ورآئهم برزخ إلى يوم يبعثون
(Such is the state of the disbelievers), until when death comes to one of them, he said: "Yes, Rabbku. Return I (to the world), so I do righteous deeds that I have to leave." Once-times not! Indeed it is the spoken word alone. And there is a wall in front of them until the day they dibangkitan. [Al Mukminun :99-100].
DEATH BEFORE COMING SOON charity
Let someone always delay in doing good deeds for worldly busyness. Because, as long as man is alive, he will not escape from the bustle. Sensible person would put the affairs of the Hereafter will come, and beat the affairs of the world are definitely abandoned. Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala says:
ياأيها الذين ءامنوا لا تلهكم أموالكم ولآ أولادكم عن ذكر الله ومن يفعل ذلك فأولئك هم الخاسرون وأنفقوا من ما رزقناكم من قبل أن يأتي أحدكم الموت فيقول رب لو لآ أخرتني إلى أجل قريب فأصدق وأكن من الصالحين ولن يؤخر الله نفسا إذا جآء أجلها والله خبير بما تعملون
O ye who believe, do not treasure-your wealth and your children divert you from the remembrance of Allah. Whoever is doing so, then they are the ones who lose. And spend of what We have given you before death comes to one of you, 'and he said: "Yes, Rabbku. Why do not you suspend (death) until my near future, which led me to give alms and I include righteous people. "And Allah will never suspend (death) when it comes time someone died., and Allah is Knowing of what you do. [Al Munafiqun: 9-11].
Therefore, a person shall utilize the best possible life, filled with good deeds before the coming of death. Imam Bukhari narrated:
عن عبد الله بن عمر رضي الله عنهما قال أخذ رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم بمنكبي فقال كن في الدنيا كأنك غريب أو عابر سبيل وكان ابن عمر يقول إذا أمسيت فلا تنتظر الصباح وإذا أصبحت فلا تنتظر المساء وخذ من صحتك لمرضك ومن حياتك لموتك
From Abdullah ibn Umar, he said: Rasululloh n hold my shoulders, and said, "Be thou on earth as if a stranger or a traveler." And Ibn 'Umar said: "If you go in the dawn of time, you shall not waiting afternoon. If you go in the evening, you shall not waiting for the dawn. Take from your health for your sickness. And take it from your life for your dead. "[Bukhari, no. 5937].
And let every person be aware of wishful thinking longevity, thus suspending the good deeds. The Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said:
يكبر ابن آدم ويكبر معه اثنان حب المال وطول العمر
Son Adam is getting old, and two cases with the greater: love wealth and longevity. [Bukhari, no. 5,942, from Anas ibn Malik].
Indeed, for the past 60 years a person has lived a long time in this world, enough for a person contemplating the purpose of life, so there is no udzur for people who have reached that age.
عن أبي هريرة عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال أعذر الله إلى امرئ أخر أجله حتى بلغه ستين سنة
From Abu Hurairah, the Prophet n, He said: "Allah negates the reason someone who has delayed his death so he reaches 60 years. [Bukhari, no. 5940].
CLOSING
Terminate this paper, we bring the following statement Hamid Al Qaishari, as follows: "We all have embraced death, but we do not see people getting ready for it! We all have to believe in heaven, but we do not see people who do good for her! We have all believed in hell, but we do not see people who fear him! So for what you rejoice? Chances are you waiting for? Death! That's the first case to come to you with goodness or badness. O, my brothers! Walk facing the lord (God) with a nice trip ". [Mukhtasar Minhajul Qashidin, p. 483, tahqiq: Sheikh Ali bin Hasan Al Halabi].
Hopefully this article reminds us how important it is to prepare for death, which is a major problem faced by every human being. Imam Ibn Majah narrated:
عن البراء قال كنا مع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم في جنازة فجلس على شفير القبر فبكى حتى بل الثرى ثم قال يا إخواني لمثل هذا فأعدوا
Of Al Bara ', he said: We are with the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam on a corpse, and then he sat down on the edge of the grave, and then he cried so the soil gets wet, then he said: "O, my brothers! Thus, prepare for something like this, "[Reported by Ibn Majah, no. 4,190, dihasankan by Shaykh Al-Albani].
So a little about dzikrul death, may be useful. Lastly we say: Oh, my brothers! Prepare yourself to face death! "
Allaah Al Musta'an.
[Copied from the magazine Sunnah Foundation Edition Published Lajnah 12/Tahun VII/1426H/2005M Istiqomah Surakarta, Jl. Solo - Purwodadi Km. Selokaton Gondangrejo Solo 8 57 183 Tel. 08121533647, 08157579296]
ZAKAT PRACTICAL GUIDE OF TRADE
By
Ustadz Abu Muhammad Fawaz Wasitho Lc, MA
Trade or Commerce Zakat Zakat is issued on the ownership of any property other than gold and silver in the form of goods, property, animals, plants, clothing, jewelry and much more prepared to be traded, either individually or in associations (such as CV, PT, Cooperative and so on).
Most scholars mendefenisikannya as everything is prepared to trade with the purpose of obtaining profits.
LEGAL TRADE ZAKAT
The legal scholars disagree about zakat goods trade in two opinions:
First Opinions: Compulsory Zakat issued trading items. It is the opinion of the majority of scholars. Some of them say that this is the ijma '(consensus) of the Companions and tabi'in.
They underpin his argument with the arguments of al-Qur'ân, the Sunnah, the Companions atsar, tabi'in and qiyas.
A. From the arguments of Al-Qur'ân ie Allah Almighty's Word:
يا أيها الذين آمنوا أنفقوا من طيبات ما كسبتم ومما أخرجنا لكم من الأرض
O ye who believe, spend in (on the way of Allah) part of the good of yourselves well and some of what we remove from the earth for you. "[Al-Baqarah / 2:267]
Imam al-Bukhari has made a special chapter on this subject in the book of Zakat in his Saheeh, namely: Bab al-Kasbi Shadaqatu wa at-Tijarati (zakat chapter business and trade).
Word of Almighty Allah, "From the results of your efforts," the meaning is trade. [1]
B. From the arguments of the Sunnah is the hadeeth Samurah bin Jundab radi 'anhu, he said: "Once the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam ordered us to remove charity from what we're prepared to be traded." [2]
And radi anhu hadeeth of Abu Dharr is marfu ':
فى الإبل صدقتها, وفى الغنم صدقتها وفى البز صدقته
No zakat on camels, goats and on no zakat, zakat and the clothes there. [3]
Said al-Bazz (in the hadith above) means apparel, including fabrics, rugs, container and much more. These objects if used for personal gain, then there is no zakat without any difference of opinion among the scholars. From here it is clear to us, that what is meant is that if the objects are used as business objects.
It's just the second hadith Da'eef (weak). But still can postulate about the necessity of charity goods trade by putting it in the generality of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam to Mu'adh bin Jabal radi anhu:
فأعلمهم أن الله افترض عليهم صدقة تؤخذ من أغنيائهم فترد فى فقرائهم
Tell them, that Allah requires over their zakat taken from the (treasures) rich people among them ... ". [4]
They also evidence the hadeeth of Abu Hurayrah radi anhu about Khalid bin Walid rejection radi anhu pay zakat, and the people (ie the Companions) complain to the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam. Then the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said:
وأما خالد فإنكم تظلمون خالدا, قد احتبس أدراعه وأعتده فى سبيل الله
As for Khalid, you actually have menzhaliminya. She held her clothes and prepare for war war sabilillah fi ... ". [5]
As if they thought that stuff was prepared to trade, so they are determined to take charity from the proceeds. Then, the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam told them that there is no zakat on wealth withheld. [6]
C. Argument from Atsar The Friends
It was narrated from Ibn 'Abidin al-Qari rahimahullah, he said, "Once I was working in the Baitul Mal during the (government) Umar radi' anhu. When he took the gift, he collects treasures traders and counting, either present or not present, then take the zakat from property owners who are present and not present. "[7]
It was narrated from Ibn Umar anhuma, he said, "There is no zakat on goods unless prepared to be traded." [8]
It was narrated from Ibn Abbas radi 'anhu, he said, "why not hold items up for sale, and her obligatory zakat." [9]
None of the words of a friend who menyelisihi Umar radi 'anhu, his son and Ibn Abbas radi anhum. In fact it continues to be practiced and difatwakan tabi'in during and in the days of Umar bin Abdul Aziz rahimahullah. Similarly, the scholars of fiqh in the tabi'in and those who came after them have agreed on the necessity of Zakat on goods trade.
Second Opinion: Not Compulsory Zakat on goods trade. It is madzhab Zhâhiriyah and those who followed them as priests Syaukani, Siddiq Hasan Khan, and Shaikh al-Albani. They underlie his opinion with arguments syar'i, among other things, the argument of the hadith:
1. From Abu Hurairah radi 'anhu, that the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam said:
ليس على المسلم فى عبده ولا فرسه صدقة
There is no zakat on a Muslim slave and horse riding. [10]
Hadith is used as a proof for a second opinion this has been answered by the majority Ulama (adherents of the first opinion), that are eliminated in the above hadith is the obligation of zakat and the slaves who used to help ordinary horse riding. Both are needs that are not affected by the burden of charity, according to the ijma 'of the Ulama.
2. Hadeeth of Abu Qais bin Gharzah radi 'anhu, he said, "The Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam came out to see us, when we sell the slaves which we call as-Samasirah, then he sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said:
يا معشر التجار إن بيعكم يحضره اللغو والحلف فشوبوه بالصدقة
O merchants, these guys actually selling mixed by futile cases and swearing, then cover it with alms (zakat) or with something of the dole. [11]
Ibn Hazm rahimahullah said, "This is a charity that difardhukan without determined, but they spend with readiness, and be expiation (eraser errors) for all that pollutes the sale in the form of things like unauthorized obscenities and swearing. "And various other arguments or arguments put forward by Ibn Hazm in al-Muhalla (V/233 and thereafter).
That's two legal opinions about the commercial zakat. Once we describe a second opinion on the proposition along with each, then that seems rajih (strong and true) is the first opinion, the majority opinion sets cleric issued a mandatory zakat trade treasure. "Bish-showab wallahu knows best.
TERMS AND CONDITIONS ZAKAT TRADE IN GOODS
1. Finished goods business objects do not include mandatory dizakati origin goods, such as cattle, gold, silver, and the like. Because according to the ijma 'of the Ulama, two kinds of zakat obligation can not converge on a single item. But he is obliged to issue a charity that trade goods-based opinion-rajih, because zakat bodies stronger proposition than trading zakat, as has happened ijma '(consensus of the scholars) over it. Whoever trade the goods under nishob such objects, then he should issue a commercial charity. [12]
2. Nishab achieve, namely the size nishab money (or equal to the value of 85 grams of pure gold).
3. These items have been spinning for a year Hijriyyah.
4. Zakat is an obligation imposed on trading or the company.
5. In the form of union business entity (partnership), then if all the union members are Muslims, zakat removed first before distributed to the parties that association. But if the union members who are non-Muslims, then zakat is only removed from the only Muslim member of the union (if the amount has reached nishab).
WHEN IT COUNTED ON PROPERTY TRADE nishab
With regard to the calculation of time nishab trade treasure there three opinions:
First: nishab calculated at the end of haul (the opinion of Imam Malik and Imam Shafi'i).
Second: nishab calculated along the haul (hijriyyah year round), with consideration of nishabnya reduced if only possessions for a moment, then interrupted haul it (the schools of the majority of scholars).
Third: nishab haul is calculated at the beginning and at the end, instead of in the middle (schools of Abu Hanifa).
HOW TO COUNT AND REMOVED THE PROPERTY ZAKAT TRADE?
If you've got the time issued zakat, then it is obligatory for the merchant to collect and calculate his property. Treasure that must be calculated include:
1. Venture capital, profits, savings (wealth and savings of goods) and the price of his wares.
2. Claims that there is hope and there are likely to be repaid.
He calculates the prices of goods and merchandise is added to the cash in hand and receivables that there is hope and there are likely to be repaid, then reduced his debts. Then from the nominal, he took as much as two and a half percent (2.5%) based on the sale price when their zakat wish fulfilled, not based on the purchase price.
This is the opinion of the majority of scholars of jurisprudence and agreed upon by Imam Malik rahimahullah.
Here we list the simple formula calculation zakat goods trade.
BIG ZAKAT = [(Capital + played + Benefits Claims that can be availed) - (Debt + Losses)] x 2.5%
Commercial property, whether engaged in trade, industry, agro-industry, or services, managed individuals and business entities (such as PT, CV, foundations, cooperatives, etc.) nishabnya is 20 dinars (equivalent to 85 grams of pure gold). It means that if an entity at the end of the year (closed book) has a wealth (capital and profits) is greater than or equal to 85 grams of pure gold (assuming if the per-gram Rp. 550.000, - = Rp Rp.46.750.000, -) , then he is obliged to issue a zakat of 2.5%.
For example: A furniture company at closing as of January 2012 with the following conditions:
• Furniture and sills that have not sold for Rp. 250,000,000 (Two hundred and fifty million rupiah)
• Cash Rp 50,000,000 (fifty million rupiah)
• Receivables Rp. 27,000,000 (Twenty-seven million dollars)
• Number of Rp 327 million (three hundred twenty-seven million dollars)
• Debt Rp. 17,000,000 (seventeen million dollars)
• Balance Rp 310,000,000 (Three hundred and ten million rupiah)
• Large zakat = 2.5% x Rp 310.000.000, - = Rp. 7.75 million, - (Seven million seven hundred fifty thousand dollars). This is the amount of zakat merchandise must be removed.
Note: In commercial property, capital investment in the form of land and buildings or cabinets, display case at the store, etc., not including property that must be included into the category dizakati cause permanent items (not growing).
ZAKAT TRADE GOODS ARE ISSUED IN THE FORM OF MERCHANTABILITY OR COSTS ALONE?
In this issue there are three opinions Ulama:
First: Mandatory release it in the form of cost (money), and should not be issued the goods, because nishabnya calculated based on the price of goods. This opinion of the majority of scholars.
Second: A trader was given plihan between issuing the goods or the price (money). It is the opinion of Abu Hanifa and Shafi'i rahimahullah-on-one opinion. [13]
Third: Provide details to look at and consider the benefit of those who will receive zakat. It is the opinion of the chosen Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah may Allaah have mercy. [14]
Similarly, a brief explanation of the practical guide to trading wealth zakat and procedures to calculate and remove it. May be useful knowledge for writers and readers, ameen. Almighty Allaah knows best Bish-showab.
[Copied from the Sunnah Edition magazine 08/Tahun XV/1433H/2011. Published Lajnah Foundation Istiqomah Surakarta, Jl. Solo - Solo Purwodadi Gondangrejo Km.8 Selokaton 57 183 Tel. 0271-858197 Fax 0271-858196]
Position of Zakat In Islam
By
Shaykh Abdullah bin Abdul al-Azhim Khalafi
Zakat is one of the pillars of Islam and one of its obligations. Of Ibn 'Umar anhuma, he said that the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam said:
بني الإسلام على خمس, شهادة أن لا إله إلا الله وأن محمدا رسول الله, وإقام الصلاة, وإيتاء الزكاة, وحج البيت, وصيام رمضان.
"Islam is built upon five pillars, which bear witness that there is no deity that has the right diibadahi correctly but Allah and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah, establish the prayer, issued alms, pilgrimage to the House, and fasting in Ramadan." [1]
And has been mentioned in tandem with the prayer in the eighty-two verses.
Prompts for Zakat Issue
Allah the Exalted says:
خذ من أموالهم صدقة تطهرهم وتزكيهم بها وصل عليهم إن صلاتك سكن لهم والله سميع عليم
"Take alms of their wealth in order to cleanse and purify them, and berdo'alah to them. Indeed do'amu it (grow) the peace for their souls. God is Hearer, Knower. "[At-Tawbah: 103]
And also his word Exalted:
وما آتيتم من ربا ليربو في أموال الناس فلا يربو عند الله وما آتيتم من زكاة تريدون وجه الله فأولئك هم المضعفون
"And something riba (additional) you give that human wealth increases, so does not increase in the sight of God. And what do you give a charity that you intend to obtain the pleasure of Allah, then that is the people who double (reward). "[Ar-Rum: 39]
It was narrated from Abu Hurayrah radi 'anhu, he said, "The Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam said:
من تصدق بعدل تمرة من كسب طيب ولا يقبل الله إلا الطيب, فإن الله يتقبلها بيمينه ثم يربيها لصاحبها كما يربى أحدكم فلوه حتى تكون مثل الجبل.
"Those who give alms to the size of a palm seed from a lawful source and Allah does not accept except from a good source, then Allah accept alms with his right hand, and then expand it to the charity of God as any one of ka-ian developing colt , until finally (reward) to be like a mountain. "[2]
Threat For Those Who Will not Eject Zakat
Allah the Exalted says:
ولا يحسبن الذين يبخلون بما آتاهم الله من فضله هو خيرا لهم بل هو شر لهم سيطوقون ما بخلوا به يوم القيامة ولله ميراث السماوات والأرض والله بما تعملون خبير
"And let not those hunks with treasures that God has given them of His bounty think that it is good for their stinginess. Actually stinginess it is bad for them. Bakhilkan treasures they would later in his neck worn on the Day of Judgment. And Allah belongs the heritage of all (that is) in the heavens and on earth. And Allah knows what you do. "[Ali 'Imran: 180]
It was narrated from Abu Hurayrah radi anhu, that the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said:
من آتاه الله مالا فلم يؤد زكاته, مثل له يوم القيامة شجاعا أقرع له زبيبتان يطوقه يوم القيامة, ثم يأخذ بلهزمتيه - يعنى شدقيه - ثم يقول: أنا كنزك, أنا مالك, ثم تلا هذه الآية: ولا يحسبن الذين يبخلون بما آتاهم الله من فضله
"Whoever is given wealth by God's grace, and he does not give charity treasure, then later on the Day of Resurrection his wealth will be realized in the form of a snake that has two can then worn around his neck, and the snake was biting two lower jaw bones, and say , 'I was simpananmu treasure.' "Then the Messenger read the verse," And let not those hunks with treasures that God has given them of His bounty think ... '"[3]
And also the word of God:
والذين يكنزون الذهب والفضة ولا ينفقونها في سبيل الله فبشرهم بعذاب أليم يوم يحمى عليها في نار جهنم فتكوى بها جباههم وجنوبهم وظهورهم هذا ما كنزتم لأنفسكم فذوقوا ما كنتم تكنزون
"... And the people who keep gold and silver, and do not menafkahkannya in the way of Allah, then proclaim to them a painful torment. On the heated gold pe-shelf in Hell Jahannam, forehead and burned them, stomach and back (and said) to them, 'This is your possession which you keep for yourself, then feel it now (due to ) what you save. '"[At-Tawbah: 34-35]
It was narrated from Abu Hurayrah radi anhua, he said that the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said:
ما من صاحب ذهب ولا فضة لا يؤدى منها حقها إلا إذا
كان يوم القيامة, صفحت له صفائح من نار فأحمي عليها في نار جهنم فيكوى بها جنبه وجبينه وظهره, كلما بردت أعيدت له, في يوم كان مقداره خمسين ألف سنة, حتى يقضى بين العباد, فيرى سبيله إما إلى الجنة وإما إلى النار. قيل: يا رسول الله! فالإبل? قال: ولا صاحب إبل لايؤدى منها حقها, ومن حقها حلبها يوم وردها إلا إذا كان يوم القيامة بطح لها بقاع قرقر أوفر ماكانت لا يفقد منها فصيلا واحدا تطؤه بأخفافها وتعضه بأفواهها, كلما مرعليه أولاها رد عليه أخراها في يوم كان مقداره خمسين ألف سنة, حتى يقضى بين العباد فيرى سبيله إما إلى الجنة وإما إلى النار.
"It is a treasure that has deposits of gold and silver, and he did not fulfill their zakat, then on the Day of Judgment will be laid her on the metal plates that had been heated in Hell Jahannam Hell, then the slab disetrikakan in the stomach, forehead and back. When was the cold, the slab is reheated. This occurred on the same day length as fifty thousand years, until the day of judgment between the servants, after which he will see his way, whether to Heaven or to Hell.
No one asked, 'O Messenger of Allah, what about those who have a camel?' He replied, 'So it is with those who have a camel and not fulfill its obligations, and includes obligations that must be removed from the milk that is milked in the milking time period, then on the resurrection day later spread to those who collected her field all of the animals he owned, to the still weaning, then all the animal stepped on and bite, when the first has been passed by the next resume. This occurred on the same day length as fifty thousand years, until the time the day of judgment between the servants, after which he will see his way, whether to Heaven or to Hell. '"[4]
People Who Do not Eject the law of Zakat
Zakat is one of the obligations that have been agreed upon by the scholars and has been known by all the people, so he was one fundamental thing in religion, which if any one of the Muslims who deny its obligation, then he has come out of Islam and killed in an infidel, unless he is new to Islam, then he is forgiven due to ignorance of the law.
As for those who do not want to remove the remains believed his duty, then he is guilty because of his attitude, but it does not remove it from Islam and a judge (ruler) should take the zakat by force [5] and half his property as punishment for his actions. It is based on the hadith Bahz bin Hakim, from his father, from his grandfather, he said, "I have heard Ra-sulullah sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said:
في كل إبل سائمة, في كل أربعين ابنة لبون, لا يفرق إبل عن حسابها, من أعطاها مؤتجرا فله أجرها, ومن منعها فإنا آخذوها وشطر ماله عزمة من عزمات ربنا تبارك وتعالى, ولا يحل لآل محمد منها شئ.
"At every 40 camels were released to feed themselves, alms a Bintu labun (child camel in its third year of age). Should not be separated from the herd camels to reduce calculation zakat. Whoever took it to expect a reward, then he will get a reward, and whoever refuses to remove it, then we'll take it along with half her fortune as this is one of the obligations of Allah. And charity is not lawful to be eaten by the family of Muhammad in the slightest. "[6]
If a nation refuses to remove it even though they still believe they have the duty and the power to ban people from picking them, then they should be fought until they remove it, by saying of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam:
أمرت أن اقاتل الناس حتى يشهدوا أن لا إله إلا الله وأن محمدا رسول الله, ويقيموا الصلاة ويؤتوا الزكاة, فإذا فعلوا ذلك عصموا منى دماءهم وأموالهم إلا بحق الإسلام وحسابهم على الله.
"I was commanded to fight against people till they testify that there is no god like the right diibadahi correctly but Allah and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah, establish the prayer, and pay zakat. If they had done that, then they have blood and protect his property from me except as a right (law) of Islam, whereas their reckoning will come back to God. "[7]
And from Abu Hurayrah radi 'anhu, he said, "When the Prophet died, then during the caliphate of Abu Bakr, there are some pagan Arabs had (at the time Abu Bakr wanted to fight them), then' Umar said to him, 'How will you combat human? In fact, the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam has said:' I am commanded to fight against people until they say there is no god who has the right diibadahi correctly except Allah.
And whoever said it, then he has to protect his life and property from me except for Islamic rights and their reckoning will come back to God. "Then Abu Bakr said, 'By Allah, I will fight anyone who differentiate between the prayer and zakat, zakat is actually rights that were taken from the property. By Allah if they stop me from taking a goat kid when they first turn it over to the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam, surely I will fight them because their attitude is.' After that 'Umar said,' By Allah, after Allah enlarges the heart of Abu Bakr to combat them, then I believe the truth of this. '"[8]
Removing Compulsory Zakat Who?
Zakat is obligatory upon every Muslim independence, which has been up nisabnya treasure and have passed one year (haul), except zakat plants, so he issued at the time of harvest if it has to nishabnya, as Allah says:
أفغير الله أبتغي حكما وهو الذي أنزل إليكم الكتاب مفصلا والذين آتيناهم الكتاب يعلمون أنه منزل من ربك بالحق فلا تكونن من الممترين
"And He it is that made gardens and trellises are not trellises, trees, and plants are an assortment of fruit, olives and pomegranates similar (shape and color), and not the same (it seems). Eat of the fruit (a variety of it) when they bear fruit, and tu-naikanlah rights in the harvest (by-right are released zakat), and do not exaggerate. The truth is God does not love the extravagant. "[Al-An'am: 141]
[Copied from the book Al-Sunna wal Wajiiz FII Fiqhis Kitaabil Aziiz, author Shaykh Abdul Azhim Badawai bin al-Khalafi, Indonesia Guide Fiqh Complete Edition, Translation Team Tashfiyah LIPIA - Jakarta, Ibn Kathir Publisher Reader, First Printing Ramadan 1428 - September 2007M]
REQUIRED TREASURES is gathered
By
Shaykh Abdullah bin Abdul al-Azhim Khalafi
Property that is required is gathered gold and silver, crops, fruits, animals, and treasures.
First: Zakat Gold and Silver
Nishab And Mandatory Measures Issued
Nisab of gold as much as 20 dinars, while the 200 silver dirhams, zakat both fortieth as much, as it was narrated from 'Ali ibn Abi Talib radi' anhu, from the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam, he said:
إذا كانت لك مائتا درهم وحال عليها الحول ففيها خمسة دراهم وليس عليك شئ - يعنى في الذهب - حتى يكون لك عشرون دينارا, فإذا كانت لك عشرون دينار وحال
عليها الحول ففيها نصف دينار.
"When you have 200 dirhams and one year has elapsed, then the zakat as much as 5 dirhams. Zakat is not obligatory upon you (gold) unless you have 20 dinars, if you have 20 dinars and one year has elapsed, then the zakat half a dinar. "[1]
Secondly: Zakat Jewelry
Zakat obligatory jewelery, based on the generality of verses and hadiths that show the obligation of zakat, and there is no argument for those who exclude them from the generality of verses and hadiths that. Besides, there are some special postulates that show the obligation of zakat jewelry, including:
It was narrated from Umm Salamah radi anhuma, he said, "I'm wearing jewelry of silver, and then I asked the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam,' O Messenger of Allah, whether it includes a treasure stash?" He answered:
ما بلغ أن تؤدي زكاته فزكي فليس بكنز.
"A treasure that had reached the limit for is gathered, and then is gathered, it is no longer included treasure stash." [2]
Also of 'Aisha radi anhuma, he said, "One day the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam came and he saw there was a ring in my hand without eyes made of silver, and then he said, 'What is this, O' Aa'ishah? 'I replied , 'I purposely made it so that I can make up for you, O Messenger of Allah.' he sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam asked,' Are you exert their zakat? 'I replied,' No or maasya God. 'Then he said,' It is enough to put you on in Hell. '"[3]
Thirdly: Zakat Plants and Fruits
Allah the Exalted says:
وهو الذي أنشأ جنات معروشات وغير معروشات والنخل والزرع مختلفا أكله والزيتون والرمان متشابها وغير متشابه كلوا من ثمره إذا أثمر وآتوا حقه يوم حصاده ولا تسرفوا إنه لا يحب المسرفين
"And He it is that made gardens and trellises are not trellises, trees, and plants are an assortment of fruit, olives and pomegranates similar (shape and color), and not the same (it seems). Eat of the fruit (a variety of it) when they bear fruit and pay their due on harvest day (is gathered), and do not exaggerate. Allah does not love the extravagant. "[Al-An'am: 141]
Types of Fruits Plants And The Obligation is gathered:
Zakat is not obligatory unless the issuing of four plant species mentioned in the following hadith. From Abi Burdah, of Abu Musa and Mu'adh radi anhuma, "Behold, the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam sent them to Yemen to teach Yemeni religious knowledge, and he ordered them both not to take zakat unless of four plant species, ie hinthah (wheat), sya'ir (wheat), dates and dry grapes. "[4]
Nishabnya:
Terms obligatory zakat of plants and fruits is if it has to nishabnya, as explained in the following hadith.
From Abu Sa'id al-Khudri radi 'anhu, he said, "The Messenger sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam said:
ليس فيما دون خمس ذود من الإبل صدقة, وليس فيما دون خمس أواق صدقة, وليس فيما دون خمسة أوسق صدقة.
"There is no zakat on camels tail number is less than 5, also in silver which is less than 5 awaq [5], and also the dates which are less than 5 ausuq." [6] [7]
Mandatory Measures Issued:
Narrated from Jabir, from the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam, he said:
فيما سقت الأنهار والغيم العشور, وفيما سقي بالسانية نصف العشور.
"On the (plantation) are watered from rivers and rain there is the obligation of zakat tenth, and watered with a twentieth." [8]
Also narrated from Ibn 'Umar, that the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam has said:
فيما سقت السماء والعيون أو كان عثريا العشر, وفيما سقي بالنضح نصف العشر.
"Plants are watered with rain water or with water or with water from the soil suction, alms a tenth, and plants watered with human labor, zakat twentieth." [9]
Estimate (an-Nakhiil Khirshu) * Dates and Wine
It was narrated from Abu Humaid as-Sa'di, he recalled, "We went to war with the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam in the battle of Tabuk, when we arrived in the valley of Qura, there was a woman who was in her garden, then the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam said to his companions,
'Estimate the number of fruit crops.' And the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam menaksirkannya ten ausaq, then he said to the woman,' Calculate how many crops you can. 'When we get back to the valley of Qura (of Tabuk), he asked the lady owner of the garden, 'How can you harvest from your garden?' she replied, 'Ten ausuq, as assessed by the Prophet.' "[10]
And of 'Aisha radi anhuma, he said, "Once the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam sent 'Abdullah bin Rawahah to estimate a date when it started to mature before consumption, then he gave preference to Jews if the estimated amount will be taken by amil zakat or those that will be forwarded directly to the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam, that zakat is calculated prior to the date taken and sorted out. "[11]
Fourth: Animal Zakat
Dizakati mandatory livestock there are three types, namely camels, cows, and goats.
1. Camels Zakat
Nishabnya:
From Abu Sa'id al-Khudri radi 'anhu, narrated that the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam said:
ليس فيما دون خمس ذود من الإبل صدقة.
"There is no zakat on camels tail number is less than 5." [12]
The amount of Zakat Obligatory Issued:
From Anas radi 'anhu, that Abu Bakr radi anhu wrote to her that when she was sent to al-Bahrain, among its contents: "Bismillaahir Rahmaanir Raheem (in the Name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful). It is the obligation of zakat which is required by the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam and the Muslims are commanded by Allah is well above His Messenger, then whoever of the Muslims are asked to remove it in the right way, then let them out.
And whoever is asked more than what was required, then he should not give it, ie every 24 camels down shall issue a goat, that every multiple of five camels zakat goat. If it reaches 25 to 35 camels, zakat is a Bintu makhad (a child of an age camel stepped on second year). If it reaches 36 to 45 camels, zakat is a Bintu labun (a she-camel whose age children entering its third year). If it reaches 46 to 60 camels, zakat is a hiqqah tharuqatul jamal (a camel boy whose age has entered its fourth year and may marry a male camel).
If it reaches 61 to 75 camels, a jaza'ah zakat (an old she-camel which has entered its fifth year). If it reaches 76 to 90 camels, the two tails Bintu labun zakat. If it reaches 91 to 120 camels, two tails hiqqah zakat tharuqatul jamal. If you have more than 120 camels, then every 40 camels, a young zakat camels entered the third year of his age. And every 50 animals, zakat is a female camel which entered the fourth year of his age. And for those who do not have a camel except four tails, then it is not obligatory Zakat except if the owner is willing, if it has reached 5 camels, the Zakat must issue a goat. "[13]
Removing Compulsory Zakat Form BarangsiapaYyang Animals With Age Specific But She Do not Have it
From Anas that Abu Bakr radi radi anhu anhu had written him a letter which contains the obligation of zakat has been required of God and His Messenger, among the contents of the letter,
"Anyone who has been obliged to issue a number of camels, a she-camel which has entered the fifth year of his age (jaza'ah), but he does not have it and he had camels entered the fourth year of his age (hiqqah), then he should remove it plus two goats if enabling or 20 dirhams. He who must issue a camel boy who entered the fourth year of his age, but he does not have it and he had camels entered the fifth year of his age, he should remove it plus 20 dirhams or two goats.
He who must issue a camel boy who entered the fourth year of his age, but he does not have it and he had camels entered the third year of its age (Bintu labun), then he should remove it plus two goats or 20 dirhams. He who must issue a camel boy who entered the third year of his age, but he does not have it and he had camels entered the fourth year of his age, he should remove it plus 20 dirhams or two goats.
He who must issue a camel boy who entered the third year of his age, but he does not have it and he had camels entered the second year of its age (Bintu makhad), then he should remove it plus 20 dirhams or two goats. "[14]
2. Zakat Cow
Nishab And Size (Number) The Obligation issued
Narrated from Mu'adh bin Jabal radi 'anhu, he said, "The Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam has sent to Yemen and he ordered me to take alms of every 40 head of cattle, a cow two years old and over (musinnah), and from each 30 cows, a calf a year old (tabi ') a male or a female. "[15]
3. Zakat Goats
Nishab And Amount Payer Issued
From Anas that Abu Bakr had written him a letter which contains the obligation of zakat has been required of God and His Messenger, among its contents, "Zakat goats are released to feed themselves, if it has reached the number of 40 to 120 head, a goat zakat. If more than 120 to 200 tail, zakat two goats.
If more than 200 to 300 individuals, zakat three goats. If more than 300 goats, then every 100 head of goats zakat. If the number of goats to feed themselves removed the tail is less than 40, then it is not obligatory Zakat except if the owner wants it. "[16]
Terms obligatory Zakat Livestock
1. Have to nishabnya. And this has been explained clearly in the hadiths that have passed.
2. Has passed haul (one year), based on words of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam:
لا زكاة في مال حتى يحول عليه الحول.
"Not obligatory zakat on property that has not been until haulnya (one year)." [17]
3. Let the animals are more frequently pastured year by finding the grass itself, by saying of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam, "Zakat goats are released to feed themselves, if it has reached the number of 40 to 120 head, a goat alms ..." [ 18]
And also his saying:
في كل إبل سائمة في كل أربعين ابنة لبون.
"At every 40 camels were released to feed themselves, their zakat camels a young age in its third year." [19]
The Treasure Type Should Not Taken As Zakat
Of Ibn 'Abbas radi anhuma, that the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam sent Mu'adh to Yemen when he said:
وإياك وكرائم أموالهم.
"And thou shalt take their treasures are precious (as zakat) ..." [20]
From Anas that Abu Bakr radi radi anhu anhu had written him a letter which contains the obligation of zakat has been required of God and His Messenger, which reads, "Do not be issued for animal charity, animal elderly and the disabled, and no bo-leh issued the males except if the owner wants. "[21]
The Collected Treasures legal rights to her two
If mixed property of two or more persons who shall zakat and can not distinguish between treasure any one of them with the other, then they both put out a charity only if it has been issued a mandatory zakat on them both.
From Anas that Abu Bakr radi radi anhu anhu had written him a letter which contains the obligation of zakat has been required of God and His Messenger, that reads in part, "There should be collected between farm animals are separate and should not be separated between the animals livestock raised for fear of issuing charity. Farm animals collection of two people, at the time of zakat should be divided equally between the two. "[22]
Fifth: Treasure Zakat (Rikaz)
Ar-Rikaz is a treasure hidden since the days of Jahiliyyah were later released without charge and require a lot of energy.
Zakat is obliged to immediately issue without any conditions should be up and haul nishab. It is based on the generality of words of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam:
و في الركاز الخمس.
"Zakat is one-fifth Rikaz." [23]
[Copied from the book Al-Sunna wal Wajiiz FII Fiqhis Kitaabil Aziiz, author Shaykh Abdul Azhim Badawai bin al-Khalafi, Indonesia Guide Fiqh Complete Edition, Translation Team Tashfiyah LIPIA - Jakarta, Ibn Kathir Publisher Reader, First Printing Ramadan 1428 - September 2007M]
GROUPS ARE ENTITLED TO RECEIVE ZAKAT
By
Shaykh Abdullah bin Abdul al-Azhim Khalafi
Allah says:
إنما الصدقات للفقراء والمساكين والعاملين عليها والمؤلفة قلوبهم وفي الرقاب والغارمين وفي سبيل الله وابن السبيل فريضة من الله والله عليم حكيم
"Surely the zakat-alms, only for poor people, poor people, board-board zakat, the Muslim convert who persuaded him, for (liberation) slaves, the debtor, for the cause of Allah and those who are in journey, as something that required God's provision. And Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise. "[At-Tawbah: 60]
Ibn Kathir rahimahullah said when interpreting this verse (II/364), "When Allah mentions rejection hypocrites and pencelaannya to Rasulullah j in the charity division problems. He goes on to explain that the distribution of the set, explaining the law and that addressing this issue is God himself. He does not represent the divisions to one, then he was the one who split the charity to the classes mentioned in the above paragraph. "
Is Dividing Average Assets Zakat Obligation To All GolonganTersebut?
Ibn Kathir rahimahullah said, "The scholars disagree regarding the eight groups are eligible to receive Zakat, Zakat is obliged to submit to any group or may be submitted to the majority group are allowed to be given kepadannya? In this issue there are two opinions:
First: Mandatory submit it to all the groups and this is the opinion of Imam Shafi'i scholars and pilgrims.
Second: Not required to submit it to all the groups, even should share it with the group only and surrender all their possessions to charity, although there are other groups. And this is the opinion of Imam Malik and some of the Salaf and khalaf, among them 'Umar, Hudzaifah, Ibn' Abbas, Abul 'Aliyah, Sa'id bin Zubair and Maimoon bin Mihran. Ibn Jarir said, 'It is the opinion of most scholars.' Based on this opinion, the purpose of the mention of the classes mentioned in this paragraph is to explain the class are eligible to receive zakat obligation not to explain distribute them to all classes. "
Ibn Kathir rahimahullah back saying, "We will mention some traditions associated with the eight groups:
First: People Fakir
It was narrated from Ibn 'Amr radi anhuma, he said that the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam has said:
لا تحل الصدقة لغني ولا لذى مرة سوي.
"Zakat is not kosher given to the rich and those who have the power to work." [1]
Of 'Ubaidullah bin' Adi bin al-khiyar that there are two people who have told him that they had been facing the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam to ask for alms to him. Then he watched them and he saw they were still strong, and then he said:
إن شئتما أعطيتكما ولا حظ فيها لغني و لا لقوي مكتسب.
"If you want me to give you charity, but no charity for the rich and powerful to those who are still working." [2]
Second: The Poor People
From Abu Hurairah radi anhu, that the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam has said:
ليس المسكين بهذا الطواف الذي يطوف على الناس, فترده اللقمة واللقمتان, والتمرة والتمرتان, قالوا فما المسكين يا رسول الله? قال: الذي لايجد غنى يغنيه, ولا يفطن له فيتصدق عليه, ولا يسأل الناس.
"It is not those who were poor itinerant begging to man, and then only with a mouthful or two mouthfuls of food and one or two of dates it back home." The friend asked, "Then who can be regarded as a poor person, O Messenger of Allah? "He replied," The poor are the people who do not have something to meet their needs. But no one knows the situation so that no one would give him alms, and he did not beg to humans. "[3]
Thirdly: Zakat
They are the officers who collect zakat and appealing, they are entitled to receive Zakat as a reward for their work and they should not be included on the family of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam is forbidden to eat them as dekah, as narrated in Muslim Shahiih of' Abdul Muttalib ibn Rabi'a ibn al-Harith, that he and al-Fadl ibn al-'Abbas went to the Messenger sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam to ask that they both serve as amil zakat, then the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said:
إن الصدقة لاتحل لمحمد ولا لآل محمد, إنما هي أوساخ الناس.
"Verily charity is not lawful for Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, because he actually is human excrement." [4]
Fourth: Mu-Allaf (People who softened his heart)
They're some sort. Zakat is given for them to convert to Islam, as the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam gave Safwan bin Umayya treasures of the spoils of war Hunain, and he fought in the state was still idolatrous, he told me, "the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam did not stop and victimization gave the spoils until he became a man I love the most, but before that he was the man I hate most. "[5]
And among them are those who deliberately given Zakat so that they get better and the stronger his Islamic faith in Islam, as has been done by the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa salla when war Hunain, he gave one hundred camels to a group of leaders of the ath-Thulaqa' (the disbelievers of Quraysh were not fought in the conquest of Makkah time), then he said:
إني لأعطي الرجل, وغيره أحب إلي منه, خشية أن يكبه الله على وجهه في نار جهنم.
"Behold, I give (property) to a person, whereas others are more I love thereof, only I was afraid God would put it into Hell." [6]
In ash-Shahiihain narrated from Abu Sa'eed, that 'Ali submit to the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam raw gold bullion from Yemen, then he distributed them to four men, al-Aqra 'bin Out,' Uyainah bin Badr, 'Alqamah bin 'Ulatsah and Zaid al-Khair, and then he said, "I want to soften their hearts." [7]
Among them are those who are given Zakat with the intention that people like them were converted to Islam. Also there are given Zakat so that later can collect Zakat from people afterwards or to prevent the danger of some of the country against the Muslims.
Allahu knows best.
Is Zakat is given to people who softened his heart after the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam died?
Ibn Kathir rahimahullah said, "In this issue occurs dissent:
It was narrated from 'Umar,' Amir, sya'bi and a number of other scholars, that they were not given Zakat after the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam died, because Islam and the Muslims had been victorious, and they have mastered several countries, and has become subject to those a lot of people.
And other opinion says that they are still eligible to receive zakat, because the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam still give their zakat after the conquest of Makkah and Hawazin. And the case is sometimes necessary so that Zakat is given to them. "
Fifth: Slaves
It was narrated from al-Hasan al-Basri, Muqatil ibn Hayyan, 'Umar ibn' Abd al-'Aziz, Sa'id bin Jubair, an-Nakha'I, az-Zuhri and Ibn Zayd they found the slave in question is al-Mukatab (slave who had entered into an agreement with his master to pay a sum of money as ransom for him). It is also narrated from Abu Musa al-'Asyari. And this is the opinion of Imam Shafi'i also al-Laitsi. Said Ibn 'Abbas and al-Hasan, "No Zakat why are taken as ransom for freeing slaves." And this is the madhhab Ahmad, Malik and Ishaq.
It means that giving alms to the slave is more general than just liberate al-Mukatab or buy a slave, then gave him his freedom. There are so many hadiths that explain about reward those who liberate slaves. And verily Allah will relieve them from the fire of Hell limbs who freed slaves as a reward of his limbs Manumit slaves, to the pubic to pubic [8]. This is all because of a reply from a practice a dance to the kind of deeds:
وما تجزون إلا ما كنتم تعملون.
"And it's not unless you were rewarded according to the deeds that you do."
Sixth: People Owe
They're some kind, there is a debt to someone else and when he has to use his property payment to pay it off so that his property out, there could not repay their debts, there are losers because immorality is done then he repent, they are the ones who are entitled to receive zakat .
Argument in this matter is the hadeeth Qabishah Mukhariq bin al-Hilali, he said, "I'm looking for the debts of another person, then I came to the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam to ask for his help, he said," Wait, if there is a charity that we get we will deliver it to you. "Then he said:
يا قبيصة, إن المسألة لاتحل إلا لأحد ثلاثة: رجل تحمل حمالة فحلت له المسألة حتى يصيبها ثم يمسك, ورجل أصابته جائحة اجتاحت ماله فحلت له المسألة, حتى يصيب قواما من عيش أو قال سدادا من عيش, ورجل أصابته فاقة حتى يقوم ثلاثة من ذوى الحجا من قومه: لقد أصابت فلانا فاقة, فحلت له المسألة, حتى يصيب قواما من عيش أو قال سدادا من عيش, فما سواهن من المسألة يا قبيصة! سحتا يأكلها صاحبها سحتا.
"O Qabishah, actually begging is not permissible except for one of three people, namely those who bear the debts of others, then he may beg until he pay it off, then he stopped begging, misfortune befalls the person who spends his wealth , he may beg to get back alive or
he said, something that could meet their needs, and those who live to three overwritten misery of his people knowledgeable people (the doctors) said, 'The user has overridden their miserable lives. "He may beg to get back alive or he said: Something that can meet their needs. The addition to the three groups, O Qabishah, it is unlawful and those who eat it is to eat food that was unclean. '"[9]
Seventh: The Fight in the Way of God that (FII Sabilillaah)
They are the army who had no right of Baitul Mal. As for Imam Ahmad, al-Hasan and Ishaq say that the people who are included in FII Sabilillaah pilgrimage, on the basis of a hadith.
I (the author) said, "What they meant by the hadeeth is the hadeeth of Ibn 'Abbas, he said,' Messenger of Allah sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam wanted to go for Hajj, and there was a wife who says to her husband,' Include me on pilgrimage with the Prophet. 'The husband replied, 'I do not have a property that I could use to membiayaimu go to Hajj. "Then his wife said,' I Hajikanlah with the camels." He said, 'That was a camel which I use to fight in Allah's way.
'Then the man came to the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam and said, 'O Messenger of Allah, verily upon greeting my wife and she has asked me to menghajikannya with you, he said,' I Hajikanlah with the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam. "Then I answered , 'Surely I do not have a property that would be a let-yaimu I used to go to Hajj. "He said,' Then I hajikanlah with the camels. 'I said to him,' It is a camel which I use to fight in the way of Allah. ' 'Then the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam said, "Verily, if you menghajikan it with the camel is also included in the FII Sabilillaah. '" [10]
Eighth: Ibnus Sabil
He is a traveler who is in a country and do not have anything that could help him on his way, then he is given a taste of Zakat can use-right to return home, although he may have a little treasure. And this law applies to those who travel away from the country and there is nothing whatsoever with him, then he is given a treasure of zakat can go home for lunch insufficiency. And their argument is the text of the class are eligible to receive zakat, also what is self-wayatkan by Imam Abu Dawud, Ibn Majah from Ma'mar hadith from Yazid ibn Aslam, from 'Atha' bin Yasar, from Abu Sa'id anhu, he said that the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said:
لا تحل الصدقة لغني إلا خمسة: العامل عليها أو رجل اشتراها بماله أو غارم او غاز في سبيل الله أو مسكين تصدق عليه فأهدى منها لغني.
"Zakat is not kosher given to the rich except five kinds, namely amil zakat or the person who bought it with his money or people who owe or those who fight in Allah's way or the poor received alms, then he presented it to the rich." [11 ]
Words of Ibn Kathir completed. "-Pent.
[Copied from the book Al-Sunna wal Wajiiz FII Fiqhis Kitaabil Aziiz, author Shaykh Abdul Azhim Badawai bin al-Khalafi, Indonesia Guide Fiqh Complete Edition, Translation Team Tashfiyah LIPIA - Jakarta, Ibn Kathir Publisher Reader, First Printing Ramadan 1428 - September 2007M]
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Footnote
[1]. Saheeh: [Shahiih al-Jaami'ish Shaghiir (no. 7251)], Sunan at-Tirmidhi (II/81, no. 647), Sunan Abi Dawud (V/42, no. 1617), and narrated from Abu Hurairah z : Sunan Ibni Majah (I/589, no. 1839), Sunan an-Nasa-i (V/99).
[2]. Saheeh: [Shahiih Sunan Abi Dawood (no. 1438)], Sunan Abi Dawud (V/41, no. 1617), Sunan an-Nasa-i (V/99).
[3]. Muttafaq upon: [Shahiih II/719 Muslim, no. 1039), and this is lafazhnya, Shahiih al-Bukhari (III/341 Fat-hul Baari, no. 1479), Sunan an-Nasa-i (V/75), Sunan Abi Dawud (V/39, no. 1615) .
[4]. Saheeh: [Shahiih al-Jaami'ish Shaghiir (no. 1664)], Shahiih Muslim (II/752, no. 1072), Sunan Abi Dawud (VII/205, no. 2969), Sunan an-Nasa-i (V / 105). An-Nawawi said, "The definition of ausaakhun unfortunate, that such charity as a cleaner and pensuci for their life and property, as Allah says, 'Take alms of their wealth to charity that you cleanse and purify them.' Thus, zakat The washers like dirt. "(Muslim Shahiih Sharh an-Nawawi (VII/251), cet. Qurthubah).
[5]. Saheeh: [Mukhtasar Shahiih Muslim (no. 1588)], Shahiih Muslim (II/754, no. 1 072 (168)), Sunan Abi Dawud (VIII/205-208, no. 2969), Sunan an-Nasa-i ( V / 105-106)
[6]. Muttafaq upon: Shahiih al-Bukhari (Fat-hul Baari) (I/79, no. 27), Muslim Shahiih (I/132, no. 150), Sunan Abi Dawud (XII/440, no. 4659), Sunan an-Nasa-i (VIII/103).
[7]. Muttafaq upon: Shahiih al-Bukhari (Fat-hul Baari) (VIII/67, no. 4351), Sha-Muslim hiih (II/741, no. 1064), Sunan Abi Dawud (XIII/109, no. 4738) .
[8]. Saheeh: [Shahiih al-Jaami'ish Shaghiir (no. 6051)]. Narrated by al-Tir-midzi from the hadeeth of Abu Hurayrah radi anhu he said, "I have heard the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said:
من اعتق رقبة مؤمنة أعتق الله منه بكل عضو منه عضوا من النار حتى يعتق فرجه بفرجه.
"Whoever frees a believing slave be freed him Allah (slave limbs) every member of the agency who gave him his freedom from the fire of hell until his cock with his cock." (III/49, no. 1541).
[9]. Saheeh: [Mukhtasar Shahiih Muslim (no. 568)], Shahiih Muslim (II/722, no. 1044), Sunan Abi Dawud (V/49, no. 1624), Sunan an-Nasa-i (V/96). And inclusive of zawil hija smart and intelligent person.
[10]. Hasan hadeeth: [Saheeh Sunan Abi Dawood (no. 1753)], Sunan Abi Dawud (V/465, no. 19740), Mustadrak al-Hakim (I/183), al-Bayhaqi (VI/164).
[11]. Saheeh: [Shahiih al-Jaami'ish Shaghiir (no. 725)], Sunan Abi Dawud (V/44, no. 1619), Sunan Ibni Majah (I/590, no. 1841).
In a position of Islamic prayer
By
Shaykh Abdullah bin Abdul al-Azhim Khalafi
There are five compulsory prayers: Zhuhur, 'Asr, Maghrib,' Isha ', and Shubuh.
From Anas ibn Malik radi 'anhu, he said, "On the night of Isra' (when the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam was raised to the sky) are required to the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam pray fifty times. Then reduced to five times. Then he called out, 'O Muhammad, verily my decision at hand can not be changed. And verily you (reward) This five such (reward) fifty '. "[1]
Of Talha bin 'Ubaidullah radi' anhu, he said that once a Bedouin Arab came tousle-haired Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam and said, "O Messenger of Allah, tell me pray what God required of me." He answered:
الصلوات الخمس إلا أن تطوع شيئا.
"Prayer five times a day, but if you want to add something (from the sunnah prayer)." [2]
In a position of Islamic prayer
From 'Abdullah ibn' Umar radi 'anhu, he said that the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam said:
بني الإسلام على خمس, شهادة أن لا إله إلا الله وأن محمدا عبده ورسوله, وإقام الصلاة, وإيتاء الزكاة وحج البيت, وصوم رمضان.
"Islam is built upon five (cases): the testimony that none has the right diibadahi god but Allah and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, establish the prayer, issued alms, pilgrimage to the House, and fasting Ramadan." [3]
A. Legal person who did Prayers
The entire Islamic Ummah agreed that those who deny the necessity of prayer, then he came out of the infidels and Islam. But they disagree about the person who left the prayer with still believes its legal obligations. Disputes because they are a number of hadith of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam who call people who leave the prayer as infidels, without distinguishing between those who deny and lazing do.
From Jabir radi 'anhu, he said that the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam said:
إن بين الرجل وبين الشرك والكفر ترك الصلاة.
"Surely (boundary) between a person and shirk and kufr is leaving prayer." [4]
Of Buraidah, he said, "I heard the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said:
العهد الذي بيننا وبينهم الصلات, فمن تركها فقد كفر.
'Agreement between us and them is prayer. Whoever left it, then he is a disbeliever. '"[5]
But rajih of the opinions of the scholars', that is meant here by kufr is kufr which does not issue from a small religion. This is the result of a compromise between these hadiths with some other hadith, among them:
Of 'Ubadah bin ash-Shamit radi' anhu, he said, "I heard the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said:
خمس صلوات كتبهن الله على العباد, من أتى بهن لم يضيع منهن شيئا استخفافا بحقهن كان له عند الله عهد أن يدخله الجنة, ومن لم يأت بهن فليس له عند الله عهد, إن شاء عذبه وإن شاء غفر له.
'Five prayers upon the servants of God are required. Whoever do it and not waste it in the slightest due to take lightly, then he had a covenant with God to enter into Heaven. And whoever does not do it, then he does not have a covenant with God. If He wills, He mengadzabnya. Or if He wills, He forgives. '"[6]
We conclude that the law of prayer is still below the level of kufr and shirk. Because the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam submit the case to the people who do not do the will of God.
Whereas Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala says:
إن الله لا يغفر أن يشرك به ويغفر ما دون ذلك لمن يشاء ومن يشرك بالله فقد افترى إثما عظيما
"Verily Allah will not forgive the sin of shirk, and He forgives all sins apart from (shirk), for whom He wills. Whoever is to Allah, then indeed he has a great sin. "[An-Nisaa ': 48]
From Abu Hurairah radi 'anhu, he said, "I heard the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam said," Verily the first time an accounting of a Muslim servant on the Day of Judgment is the obligatory prayers. If he's doing it perfectly (he survived). If not, then say: Look, if he had prayed the sunnah? If he had prayed the sunnah prayer obligatory sunnah prayers enhanced by earlier. Then the whole practice obligatory prayer had been brought to account as well. '"[7]
Of Hudzaifah ibn al-Yaman, he said that the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said, "Islam will vanish as the disappearance of the color of the clothes washed. Until it is no longer known what fasting, prayer, sacrificial, and Sadaqah. Qur'aan will be lifted in a single night, until not a single verse being left on earth. Stay a class consisting of human and frail elderly people. They said, 'We find our fathers spoke the words: La ilaha illallaah and we had to say it.' "Shilah said to him," Is not the phrase laa ilaha illallaah no benefit to them, if they do not know what it is prayer, fasting, sacrificial, and Sadaqah? "
Hudzaifah then turned away from him. Shilah repeated three times. Each time it did Hudzaifah turned away. On the third time, Hudzaifah turned and said, "O Shilah, a sentence that will save them from Hell. He repeated it three times. "[8]
B. To Whom Required?
Prayer was compulsory for every Muslim who has baligh and sensible
Of 'Ali radi anhu, from the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam, he said:
رفع القلم عن ثلاثة: عن النائم حتى يستيقظ, وعن الصبي حتى يحتلم, وعن المجنون حتى يعقل.
"Pena (recorder charity) lifted from three people: from those who sleep until awakened, from children up to legal age, and of a madman to get back unconscious." [9]
Compulsory on the parents to send their children pray prayer though it was not required, so he used to pray.
From 'Amr ibn Shu'ayb, from his father, from his grandfather, he said that the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam said:
مروا أولادكم بالصلاة وهم أبناء سبع سنين, واضربوهم عليها وهم أبناء عشر سنين, وفرقوا بينهم في المضاجع.
"Command your children to pray at the age of seven years. And beat them for leaving him at the age of ten years. As well as their separate beds. "[10]
[Copied from the book Al-Sunna wal Wajiiz FII Fiqhis Kitaabil Aziiz, author Shaykh Abdul Azhim Badawai bin al-Khalafi, Indonesia Guide Fiqh Complete Edition, Translation Team Tashfiyah LIPIA - Jakarta, Ibn Kathir Publisher Reader, First Printing Ramadan 1428 - September 2007M]
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