The government set the start of Ramadan 1435 Hijri falls on Sunday, June 29, 2014 and the decision was taken after the entire Muslim community organizations follow ithbat hearing at the Ministry of Religious Affairs on Friday evening.
The trial is the determination of the start of Ramadan mass media attention from the start because there is a difference with Muhammadiyah mass organization that sets the fast falls on June 28, 2014.
To this discrepancy, Menag Lukman Hakim Saifuddin said the government give freedom for Muslims who undergo fasting faster than statutes ithbat trial results.
"The government set the start of Ramadan on June 29, 2014, Sunday (Sunday)," said Lukman Hakim in front of the mass media that meet the ministry's office lobby.
The government gives freedom for these differences because according to him, it concerns the confidence region. The government has sought to give direction when the fasting should be undertaken by Muslims well.
Istbat trial, further Lukman, preceded by informal discussion with the topic of how to define the common ground to establish the start of Ramadan.
He also explained, before the officer MORA also put in 63 points hilal monitors. But none of the officials saw the new moon over Indonesia in the position of one degree. From the results, the month of Shaban diistikmalkan to 30 days.
Next, set 1 Ramadan on Sunday June 29, 2014, he asserted.
Further, the results of the trial istbat also notes among other Islamic organizations into the future for a lot of discussions with experts on this subject, especially with regard to the criteria when the new moon can be seen. All of it is intended to harmonize, Lukman said again.
Not Observed
Previous Rukyat Hisab Agency MORA stated, there is no empirical reference visibilias (Visibility) if the crescent moon is the beginning of Ramadan 1435 H observed in parts of Indonesia, said Cecelia Nurwendaya, team members Rukyat Hisab Agency and the Ministry of Religious Affairs in Jakarta on Friday.
In his presentation before the Ministry of Religious Affairs Lukman Hakim Saifuddin and the ministry officials, including a number of ambassadors, Cecelia explained a number of reasons why the moon is not visible.
The reason, according to him, the position of the new moon at sunset on the Moon Observation Post Pelabuhan Ratu, Sukabumi, West Java, on Friday (27/6) or 29 Shaban 1345 H is the height / irtifahial 0.62 degrees. Month arc distance of 4.68 degrees and age mahatari moon 2 hours 38 minutes 54 seconds with fraction sasma illumination with 0.18 degrees.
While the criteria imkanurukyat is 2 degrees. This criterion, according to Cecelia, also a reference to a number of Islamic countries such as Brunei, Malaysia, and Singapore.
If the reference refers to the empirical astonomis, he said, First danjon limit. Namely, the new moon will appear if the distance of the sun moon angle greater than 7 degrees (Odeh, 2004, the Islamic Crescent Observation Project (ICOP) found Danjon limit equal to 6.4 degrees.
Second, early unification conference in Istanbul in international hijriyah 1978; early start if the distance between the moon and the sun arcs greater than 8 degrees and the high horizon at sunset greater than 5 degrees.
Third, Rakor crescent observations in the records of modern astronomy. Hilal of Ramadan 1427 H, aged 13 hours 15 minutes captured by the telescope and CCD camera in Jemran.
In the presence of a number of VIP guests, Cecelia also explained that the Moon Observation Post Pelabuhan Ratu, Sukabumi, West Java, is an ideal place to observe the new moon in Indonesia. Therefore, the location used as a benchmark by Islamic countries in Southeast Asia.
The reason, he said, from the existing data obtained accurate information. From that location can be known maximum height of the new moon. Since it came to be known as the new moon for the maximum regional MABIMS member countries (Brunei Darussalam Minister of Religious Affairs, Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore).
FASTING REQUIRED TO WHOM?
By
Shaikh Abdullah bin Abdul al-Azhim Khalafi
The scholars have agreed that fasting is obligatory upon a Muslim who understands, of legal age, healthy, and live (not the traveler), and for a woman to let him pure from menstruation and parturition. [1]
As for fasting is not compulsory for those who have no sense and is not of legal age, then based on the words of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam:
رفع القلم عن ثلاثة: عن المجنون حتى يفيق, وعن النائم حتى يستيقظ, وعن الصبي حتى يحتلم.
"It has lifted the pen of three groups: from the insane until he realized, from the bed until he woke up, and from the little boy until he was of legal age." [2]
As for fasting is not obligatory upon those who are sick and the traveler, by the word of God the Almighty:
ومن كان مريضا أو على سفر فعدة من أيام أخر
"... And whoever is ill or on a journey (and breaking it), then (subject needs to be fast for him), as much as the day he left it, on other days ..." [al-Baqa-rah: 185]
If the sick person and the traveler remain abstinent, then it has been inadequate, because they break their permissibility is a form of relief (rukhsa), and if they continue to perform the obligatory, then it is good.
6. Which One is First For Them, Or Break Fasting?
If the sick person and the traveler does not have difficulty in fasting, fasting is more important, whereas if they find difficulty in fasting, then breaking more mainstream.
It has been narrated from Abu Sa'eed al-Khudri radi 'anhu, he said: "We went to war with the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam in the current month of Ramadan, among us there are fast and some are breaking. Those who fasted did not denounce the breaking, breaking and vice versa are not denounce the fasting. They argued, for people who have the power, fasting is better for him. And for those who feel weak, then break the fast is better. "[3]
As for fasting is not obligatory for a woman who is menstruating and postpartum, then the hadeeth of Abu Sa'eed radi 'anhu, that the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam said:
أليس إذا حاضت لم تصل ولم تصم? فذلك نقصان دينها.
"Are not they (the women) if they do not menstruating were not fasting and prayer? That lack of them in terms of religion. "[4]
If menstruation and post-partum women who remain abstinent, the fast is not sufficient that they (his fast invalid), because one of the requirements of the holy fasting is menstruation and parturition, and mandatory for them to make up the 'fast.
It was narrated from 'A'ishah radi anhuma, he said, "In the past when we were menstruating at the time of the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam, we were ordered to make up the 'fast and we were not ordered to make up the' prayer." [5]
7. What Do Mandatory Retirement By Old Man And Old Woman Weak Also Sick Absence Hope Heal
Anyone who is unable to fast due to advanced age or other matters, may be for him to break and feed a poor every day of the days he left behind, by the word of God:
وعلى الذين يطيقونه فدية طعام مسكين
"... And a must for the people who run heavy (if they are not fasting) pay fidyah, (ie) to feed a poor person ...." [Al-Baqarah: 184]
It was narrated from 'Ata', that he heard Ibn 'Abbas read that paragraph, then Ibn' Abbas said, "This verse does not mansukh (deleted law), which is referred to men and women who are elderly, where they are not able to fast, then they feed the poor every day from the day-to-day ditinggalannya. "[6]
8. Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women
Women who are pregnant and breast-feeding, if they are not able to fast or worry about their children when they are fasting, then it is for them both to break and obligatory on them to pay fidyah but they do not obliged to make up '. It was narrated from Ibn 'Abbas Radhiyalahu anhuma, that he said, "Given relief to people who are old and frail old lady in it, were both able to fast not to fast if they want to and feed the poor every day and there is no obligation qadha 'for both. Later this law dinasakh with this paragraph:
فمن شهد منكم الشهر فليصمه
"Whoever among you is present in that month (Rama-dhan), then let him fast." [Al-Baqarah: 185]
And has been designated for the elderly and frail elderly women, if they are not able to fast. Also for women who are pregnant and breastfeeding, if both are worried, then they should not fast and should feed a poor person every day. "[7]
Also narrated from Ibn 'Abbaas anhuma, he said, "If a pregnant woman worried about her, as well as women who breastfeed their children concerned will be in during the month of Ramadan, it should be for both of them to break, and then feed the poor every day from the days he left and did not obligatory on them to make up 'fast. "[8]
From Nafi 'radi' anhu, he said, "One of the daughter of Ibn 'Umar anhu became the wife of one of the men of Quraysh, and at the time of Ramadan she was pregnant, then he thirst, then Ibn' Umar ordered him to break the fast and feed a poor every day (left). "[9]
9. Dimensions Foods Payer Issued
It was narrated from Anas ibn Malik radi 'anhu, that he never was not able to eat for a year (30 days in the month of Ramadan-pent.), So he will make a big bowl of porridge and call 30 the poor to make them all satisfied. [10]
[Copied from the book Al-Sunna wal Wajiiz FII Fiqhis Kitaabil Aziiz, Author Shaikh Abdul Azhim Badawai bin al-Khalafi, Indonesia Guide Fiqh Complete Edition, Translation Team Tashfiyah LIPIA - Jakarta, Ibn Kathir Publisher Reader, First Printing Ramadan 1428 - September 2007M]
Manners Fasting
By
Shaikh Abdullah bin Abdul al-Azhim Khalafi
12. Adab-Adab Fasting
It is recommended for people who are fasting to observe some of the following manners:
a. Eating Sahur
Enes radi 'anhu, that the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam said:
تسحروا فإن في السحور بركة.
"Eat your sahurlah because there was actually a blessing in suhoor." [1]
And has countless eating a meal, although only with a sip of water, based on the hadith of 'Abdullah ibn' Amr radi anhuma, he said, the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said:
تسحروا ولو بجرعة ماء.
"Eat your sahurlah if only with a sip of water." [2]
Mengakhirkan disunnahkan to eat the meal, as is narrated from Anas from Zayd ibn Thabit, he said, "We never ate suhoor with the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam, that he leave immediately after prayers. I asked, 'How long is the distance between the adhaan and suhoor?' He replied, 'About the same as reading 50 verses.' "[3]
If the call to prayer was sounded, and food or drink still in his hand, then shall he eat or drink, based on the hadeeth of Abu Hurayrah radi 'anhu, he said, "The Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam said;
إذا سمع أحدكم النداء والإناء على يده فلا يضعه حتى يقضي حاجته منه.
"Those of you who heard the call to prayer (Shubuh) and vessel (food) is still in his hand, then let him not put before he finished eating." [4]
b. Refrain from useless talk and foul language, or the like to her from the things that are contrary to the purpose of fasting
It was narrated from Abu Hurayrah that anhu, that the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said:
إذا كان يوم صوم أحدكم فلا يرفث ولا يصخب ولا يجهل, فإذا شاتمه أحد أو قاتله فليقل إني صائم.
"If on day one of you fasting, then he should not utter obscenities, making noise and also do not do anything stupid people. And if there are people who chided him or attack him, then let him say, 'Surely I am fasting.' "[5]
Also narrated from Abu Hurayrah anhu, he said, "The Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said:
من لم يدع قول الزور والعمل به فليس لله حاجة في أن يدع طعامه وشرابه.
"Whoever does not abandon falsehood words and do it, then God does not require the person to leave his food and drink (fasting)." [6]
c. Generous nature and multiply the reading al-Qur'an
It was narrated from Ibn 'Abbas, he said, "Indeed the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam was the most generous man in his kindness and be more generous (than usual days) in the month of Ramadan, when Gabriel came to him and is always Gabriel came to him every night of the nights of Ramadan, until the completion of Ramadan, the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam recited al-Qur'an to Gabriel. And when he met Gabriel he is more generous (softer) than the wind that blows gently. "[7]
d. Hasten breaking the fast (ta'-vol)
It was narrated from Sahl ibn Sa'd radi 'anhu, that the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam said:
لا يزال الناس بخير ما عجلوا الفطر.
"The human race will remain good as long as they hasten to break the fast." [8]
e. Breaking the fast with what is readily available to him of these things in the following hadith
Enes, he said, "The Prophet used to break the fast with Ruthab (fresh dates) before the prayer. If he does not get Ruthab, then he tamr breaking with some fruit (ripe dates which have long learned) and if it does not get tamr, then he drank water. "[9]
f. Pray when breaking the fast with prayer contained in the following hadith
It was narrated from Ibn 'Umar anhuma, he said, "Behold, the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam when breaking the fast are always read:
ذهب الظمأ وابتلت العروق وثبت الأجر إن شاء الله.
"It has lost a sense of thirst and had wet the veins, as well as a predetermined reward, God willing." [10]
The pillars of fasting
By
Shaikh Abdullah bin Abdul al-Azhim Khalafi
10. Rukun-Pillars of Fasting
a. Intention
Based on the word of God:
وما أمروا إلا ليعبدوا الله مخلصين له الدين حنفاء
"Though they are not made unless so worship Allah with obedience to Him purifies the (download run) straight religion ..." [al-Bayyinah: 5]
Also the words of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam:
إنما الأعمال بالنيات, وإنما لكل امرئ ما نوى.
"Verily, deeds that with the intention and every person gets reward for charity according to his intentions." [1]
And the intention must be made before dawn on every night of Ramadan. It is based on the hadith of Hafsah radi anhuma, he said, the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said:
من لم يجمع الصيام قبل الفجر فلا صيام له.
"Whoever does not intend to fast before dawn, there is no fast for him." [2]
b. Refrain from all the things that break the fast, from dawn until sunset
Allah the Exalted says:
فالآن باشروهن وابتغوا ما كتب الله لكم وكلوا واشربوا حتى يتبين لكم الخيط الأبيض من الخيط الأسود من الفجر ثم أتموا الصيام إلى الليل
"... So hold intercourse with them and seek what Allah has ordained for you and eat and drink until clear to you (the difference) between the white thread and a black thread of the dawn. Then complete your fast till (come) a night ... "[Al-Baqarah: 187]
11. There are Six Things that invalidate the fast?
a, b. Eating and drinking deliberately
If someone is eating or drinking in a state of forgetting, then he is not obliged to make up 'and pay expiation, based on the history of Abu Hurayrah radi' anhu, that the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said:
من نسي وهو صائم فأكل أو شرب, فليتم صومه, فإنما أطعمه الله وسقاه.
"Those who forgot that he was fasting, and he eats or drinks, let him complete his fast, for Allah has fed and watered him." [3]
c. Vomiting on purpose
Meanwhile, if not intentionally, then it is not obligatory to make up 'fasting and paying expiation. It was narrated from Abu Hu-rairah z, that the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said:
من ذرعه القيء فليس عليه قضاء ومن استقاء عمدا فليقض.
"Those who vomit involuntarily, then he is not obliged to make up the 'fasting, while he who intentionally vomited, then it is obligatory for him to make up'." [4]
d, e. Haidh and Ruling
Although this happens at the last second of the afternoon (before the iftar), based on an agreement (ijma ') of the scholars.
f. Fuck
And with that expiation is required in the following hadith:
From Abu Hurayrah that anhua, he said, "When we were sitting with the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam, a man came and said,' O Messenger of Allah sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam ruined me.' He asked, 'What have you destroyed?' He replied, 'I have sex with my wife while I was in a state of fasting Ramadan. "He asked,' Are you able to free a slave? ' 'No,' he replied. Then he asked: 'Are you able to fast for two consecutive months?' He replied, 'No.' He asked again, 'And if you were able to feed 60 poor people?' He replied, 'No.' Then the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam silent, and at the moment we're in a situation like that, the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam was given a basket of 'araq * dates, then he said,' Where are those who ask that? ' The man replied, 'I am.' He said, 'Take this and give charity to him!' The man said, 'Are there people who are poorer than we O Messenger of Allah? By Allah, there is no one in the family between the two places that a lot of black stone in Madinah more Faqir of us. ' Then the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam laugh till visible fangs, then he said,' Give alms of your family eat it. '"[5]
[Copied from the book Al-Sunna wal Wajiiz FII Fiqhis Kitaabil Aziiz, Author Shaikh Abdul Azhim Badawai bin al-Khalafi, Indonesia Guide Fiqh Complete Edition, Translation Team Tashfiyah LIPIA - Jakarta, Ibn Kathir Publisher Reader, First Printing Ramadan 1428 - September 2007M]
[Copied from the book Al-Sunna wal Wajiiz FII Fiqhis Kitaabil Aziiz, Author Shaikh Abdul Azhim Badawai bin al-Khalafi, Indonesia Guide Fiqh Complete Edition, Translation Team Tashfiyah LIPIA - Jakarta, Ibn Kathir Publisher Reader, First Printing Ramadan 1428 - September 2007M]
_______
Footnote
[1]. Muttafaq upon: Shahiih al-Bukhari (Fat-hul Baari IV/139, no. 1923), Muslim Shahiih (II/770, no. 1095), Sunan at-Tirmidhi (II/106, no. 703), Sunan an -Nasa-i (IV/141), Sunan Ibni Majah (I/540, no. 1692).
[2]. Saheeh: [Shahiih al-Jaami'ish Shaghiir (no. 2945)], Shahiih Ibni Hibban (no. 223, 884).
[3]. Muttafaq upon: Shahiih al-Bukhari (Fat-hul Baari IV/138, no. 1921), Muslim Shahiih (II/771, no. 1097), Sunan at-Tirmidhi (II/104, no. 699), Sunan an -Nasa-i (IV/143), Sunan Ibni Majah (I/540, no. 1694).
[4]. Saheeh: [Shahiih al-Jaami'ish Shaghiir (no. 607)], Sunan Abi Dawood (VI/475, no. 2333), Mustadrak al-Hakim (I/426).
[5]. Fragment of the hadith: "Every son of Adam is for her charity itself ..." and has passed takhrijnya.
[6]. Saheeh: [Shahiih Mukhtasar al-Bukhari (no. 921)], Shahiih al-Bukhari (Fat-hul Baari) (IV/116, no. 1903), Sunan Abi Dawood (VI/488, no. 2345), Sunan at -Tirmidhi (II/105, no. 702).
[7]. Muttafaq upon: Shahiih al-Bukhari (Fat-hul Baari I/30, no. 6), Muslim Shahiih (IV/1803, no. 2308).
[8]. Muttafaq upon: Shahiih al-Bukhari (Fat-hul Baari IV/198, no. 1957), Muslim Shahiih (II/771, no. 1098), Sunan at-Tirmidhi (II/103, no. 695).
[9]. Hasan Saheeh: [Saheeh Sunan Abi Dawood (no. 2065)], Sunan Abi Dawood (VI / 481, no. 2339), Sunan at-Tirmidhi (II/102, no. 692).
[10]. Hasan: [Sunan Abi Dawud Shahiih (no. 2066)], Sunan Abi Dawood (VI/482, no. 2340).
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