by
Al-Ustadz Yazid bin Abdul Qadir Jawas حفظه الله تعالى
DEFINITION OF JIHAD
In language (etymology), taken from the word jihad wording:
جهد: الجهد, الجهد = الطاقة, المشقة, الوسع.
Which means strength, effort, difficulty, and ability. [1]
According to Raghib al-Ashfahani rahimahullah (d th. 425 H), that means trouble and الجهد الجهد mean ability. [2]. The word jihad (الجهاد) is taken from the word: جاهد - يجاهد - جهادا.
According to the terms (terminology), the meaning of jihad is:
الجهاد: محاربة الكفار وهو المغالبة واستفراغ ما في الوسع والطاقة من قول أو فعل.
"Jihad is fighting infidels, namely seeks earnestly devote strength and ability, either in word or deed." [3]
It also said:
الجهاد والمجاهدة: استفراغ الوسع في مدافعة العدو.
"Jihad means to devote all ability to fight the enemy."
THERE ARE THREE KINDS OF JIHAD
1. Jihad against real opponents.
2. Jihad against the devil.
3. Jihad against lust.
Three kinds of jihad is contained in Al-Qur-an, among them:
Word of Allah Almighty,
وجاهدوا في الله حق جهاده هو اجتباكم وما جعل عليكم في الدين من حرج ملة أبيكم إبراهيم هو سماكم المسلمين من قبل وفي هذا ليكون الرسول شهيدا عليكم وتكونوا شهداء على الناس فأقيموا الصلاة وآتوا الزكاة واعتصموا بالله هو مولاكم فنعم المولى ونعم النصير
"And ye strive in the way of Allah with the jihad in truth. He has chosen you, and He does not make hardship for you in religion. (Follow) the religion of your fathers Abraham. He (Allah) has named you Muslims since the first, and (so is) in (Al-Qur-an) is, that the Apostle (Muhammad) was a witness over you and that you may all be witness to all men. Then perform your prayer and pay the poor alms, and hold to God How Firm. He is your protector; He is the Best of protectors and the best of helpers. "[Al-Hajj / 22: 78]
انفروا خفافا وثقالا وجاهدوا بأموالكم وأنفسكم في سبيل الله ذلكم خير لكم إن كنتم تعلمون
"Depart ye well with a mild flavor and with a sense of weight, and strive with their wealth and soul in the way of Allah. That is better for you if ye only knew. "[At-Tawbah / 9: 41]
Also his word.
إن الذين آمنوا وهاجروا وجاهدوا بأموالهم وأنفسهم في سبيل الله والذين آووا ونصروا أولئك بعضهم أولياء بعض والذين آمنوا ولم يهاجروا ما لكم من ولايتهم من شيء حتى يهاجروا وإن استنصروكم في الدين فعليكم النصر إلا على قوم بينكم وبينهم ميثاق والله بما تعملون بصير
"Those who believe, and emigrate and strive with their wealth and soul on the path of Allah and those who provide residence and bring relief (to immigrants), they protect one another. And (to) those who believe but have not emigrated, then there is no obligation at all for you to protect them, till they emigrate. (But) if they ask for help you in the (defense affairs) religion, then you are required to provide help except against a people who have been tied to an agreement between you and them. And Allah is Seer of what you do. "[Al-Anfaal / 8: 72] [4]
According to al-Hafiz Ahmad ibn 'Ali ibn Hajar al-'Asqalani rahimahullah (d th. 852 H), "Jihad according Shar'ie is devoting all ability to fight the infidels." [5]
The term is used also for the jihad against lust, against the devil, and against the wicked. The fight lust is to learn Islam (learn properly), then practice it, then teach it. The jihad against the devil by refusing all doubtful and lust are always decorated by the devil. Jihad against the infidels by hand, treasure, oral, and liver. The jihad against the fasiq by hand, oral, and liver. [6]
The words of al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar rahimahullah accordance with the words of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam,
جاهدوا المشركين بأموالكم وأنفسكم وألسنتكم.
"Strive against the idolaters with treasure, soul, and spoken of you." [7]
According to Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah rahimahullah is, "Devote all the ability to achieve what is beloved to Allah Almighty and reject all that is hated by God." [8]
This definition covers all sorts of jihad that carried a Muslim, which includes obedience to Allah Almighty to carry out the commands of God and keep His prohibitions. Seriousness invite (preach) to implement compliance others, near and far, Muslims or infidels and earnestly fighting infidels in order to enforce the sentence of God [9].
Imam Ibn al-Qayyim rahimahullah (d th. 751 H) said, "I heard our Shaykh (ie Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah rahimahullah) said," Jihad against the passions is the principle (foundation built on it) jihad against the infidels and the people-hypocrites. Because the real one will not be able to jihad (against) unbelievers and hypocrites, so she jihad against himself and his own desires first before fighting them (the disbelievers and the hypocrites). '"[10]
The virtues of jihad FI SABILILLAH
Allah Almighty says,
أم حسبتم أن تدخلوا الجنة ولما يعلم الله الذين جاهدوا منكم ويعلم الصابرين
"Do ye think that ye would enter Heaven, since God is not real for those among you who strive, and yet real people who are patient." [Ali 'Imran / 3: 142]
There are several hadiths that show the virtues of jihad fii sabiilillaah, of whom the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam,
Of the companions of Abu Hurayrah radi anhu, he said,
قيل للنبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: ما يعدل الجهاد في سبيل الله عز وجل? قال: «لا تستطيعونه». قال: فأعادوا عليه مرتين أو ثلاثا. كل ذلك يقول: «لا تستطيعونه». وقال في الثالثة: «مثل المجاهد في سبيل الله كمثل الصائم القائم القانت بآيات الله. لا يفتر من صيام ولا صلاة حتى يرجع المجاهد في سبيل الله تعالى ».
It was said to the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam: Practice what is equivalent to jihad fii sabiilillah? The Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said: "You can not (do deeds equivalent to jihad)." The Companions repeated the question twice or three times, and remains the Prophet replied: "You can not (do deeds equivalent to jihad) . "Then the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said the third time:" The likeness of those who strive in the way of Allah is like one who fasts, prayer, and humility' with (read) the verses of Allah. He did not stop of fasting and prayer to those who strive in the path of Allah Ta'ala it back. "[11]
... رأس الأمر الإسلام وعموده الصلاة وذروة سنامه الجهاد في سبيل الله.
"... Anyway matter is Islam, its pillar is the prayer and its top is jihad fii sabiilillaah." [12]
رباط يوم وليلة خير من صيام شهر وقيامه, وإن مات جرى عليه عمله الذي كان يعمله وأجري عليه رزقه وأمن الفتان.
"People who keep on the boundary [13] day and night better than fasting and prayer night for a month. And if he dies, then flowed (the reward of) deeds which he used to do, given fortunes, and he is protected from the wrath (punishment) and fitnahnya grave. "[14]
عليكم بالجهاد في سبيل الله -تبارك وتعالى-, فإن الجهاد في سبيل الله باب من أبواب الجنة, يذهب الله به من الهم والغم.
"Obligatory upon you strive in the path of Allah Almighty Tabaaraka, because the real jihad in Allah's way is one of the doors of the gates of Heaven, God would remove him from the grief and distress." [15]
Companions 'Abdullah bin' Umar anhuma said,
إن أفضل العمل بعد الصلاة الجهاد في سبيل الله تعالى.
"Indeed seutama-key charity after the prayer is jihad in the path of Allah Ta'ala." [16]
Imam Ibn al-Qayyim rahimahullah said, "Those who strive in the path of Allah Almighty, they are the army of God. With them, the Allah Almighty to uphold his religion, against the attacks of his enemies, to maintain the honor of Islam and protect her. They are the ones who fight the enemies of Allah to this religion entirely for the sake of Allah and only Allah is the highest sentence. They have sacrificed themselves in order to love God Almighty, religion defended him, exalt his sentence and against His enemies. They have an abundance of reward from any person they protect with their swords in every work that they do, although they remain in their homes. They get a reward like the reward of those who worship the Almighty God, the cause of jihad and conquest them, because they are causing people to worship God Almighty.
Allah Almighty has positioned cause levels to players in reward and sin. And because of this each of which invites the true guidance (will get a great reward) and an invite to the fallacy that gets such sins of the people who follow them.
And has clear verses of Al-Qur'an and hadith texts mutawatir ordered for jihad. And kudos to those who strive also good news for those on the side of their Lord that there are various kinds of glory and gifts galore. And enough of the argument was the word of Allah Almighty,
يا أيها الذين آمنوا هل أدلكم على تجارة تنجيكم من عذاب أليم
"O ye who believe! Would you like a trade show that I can save you from a painful torment? "[Ash-Shaff / 61: 10]
So that the souls be longing to reach this lucrative commerce shown by Lord God of hosts, the All-Knowing and Wise who said,
تؤمنون بالله ورسوله وتجاهدون في سبيل الله بأموالكم وأنفسكم
"(That) you believe in Allah and His Messenger and strive in the way of Allah with their wealth and your soul ..." [Ash-Shaff / 61: 11]
As if the soul be stingy against life and survival, then Allah Almighty continue,
ذلكم خير لكم إن كنتم تعلمون
"... It is better for you if ye only knew." [Ash-Shaff / 61: 11]
This means that jihad is better for you than the pleasure you against life and health. Looks like soul said, "What do we get from jihad?" Allah Almighty said,
يغفر لكم ذنوبكم
"He will forgive you your sins ..." [Ash-Shaff / 61: 12]
In addition to forgiveness from Him, Allaah says,
ويدخلكم جنات تجري من تحتها الأنهار ومساكن طيبة في جنات عدن ذلك الفوز العظيم
"... And admit you to Heaven beneath flowing rivers, and places to stay either in Heaven 'Eternity. That is the great victory. "[Ash-Shaff: 12]
As if people ask, "That's reply in the next, what is in the world for our children?" So Allaah replied by saying,
وأخرى تحبونها نصر من الله وفتح قريب وبشر المؤمنين
"And (there are more) other gifts that you like (ie) the help of Allah and victory is close (time). Then give the glad tidings to the believers. "[Ash-Shaff / 61: 13]
By God, how sweet strands of the words above. How adhesion in the liver. How strong appeal to the heart. How smooth entry into the heart of a lover. How great generosity and his life when he was in contact with the meaning of the verses above. We pray for the gift of God Almighty because He is Most Generous and Most Venerable. "[17]
OBJECTIVES OF JIHAD disyariatkannya
Islamic Jihad aim to fight the enemy of Allah upright religion on earth, not just kill them. Allah Almighty says,
وقاتلوهم حتى لا تكون فتنة ويكون الدين لله فإن انتهوا فلا عدوان إلا على الظالمين
"And fight them until there is no more fitnah, and religion is only for Allah. If they stop, then there is no (longer) hostility, except against the wrongdoers. "[Al-Baqarah: 193]
Imam Ibn Jarir Tabari rahimahullah (d th. 310 H) said, 'Fight them so that does not happen again shirk to Allah, there is no idol worship, polytheism and other gods. Thus, worship and observance is intended only to God, not to others. "[18]
Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said,
أمرت أن أقاتل الناس حتى يشهدوا أن لا إله إلا الله ...
"I was ordered to fight the people until they testify that none has the right god but Allah diibadahi correctly ..." [19]
Abu 'Abd Allah al-Qurtubi rahimahullah (d th. 671 H) said, "verse and the hadith above shows that the cause qital (war) is kufr." [20]
Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah rahimahullah (d th. 728 H) said, "The purpose of jihad is to sentence high God, and that all religion belongs to Allah, that is its purpose to the religion of Allah upright (on earth)." [21]
He rahimahullah also said, "The purpose of jihad disyari'atkannya order (mankind and jinns believe that) nothing is to be worshiped except Allah correctly, do not pray to other than Allah, do not pray to other than Allah, do not bow down to other than Allah, not fasting than Him, not 'Umrah and Hajj except to the House, there should be no slaughtering (Sacrifice) but only because of God, not bernadzar but because God, do not swear but by Allah alone, but just do not put their trust in Him, tidah but rather fear Him only, but be cautious not only to him, nothing but just bring all the goodness of God, no one can reject all the ugliness, but only God, nothing is leadeth (to the straight path), but only God, not there is nothing to help them except Allah, no one gives sustenance to them except Allah, no one gives them sufficient except Allah and no one forgives their sins but God only. "[22]
Shaykh 'Abdurrahman ibn Nasir as-Sa'di rahimahullah said, "The purpose and objectives of the war in the way of Allah is not just shed the blood of infidels and take their property, but the goal that Islam is upright for God above all religions and eliminate (get rid of) all forms of idolatry that hinders the establishment of this religion, and it is a slander (shirk). When fitnah (shirk) is gone, the purpose is reached, it is no longer murder and war. "[23]
Thus, jihad disyari'atkan upright for religion of Allah on earth. Therefore, before starting the battle commanded to preach to unbelievers that they converted to Islam. [24]
Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said,
لا تقاتل قوما حتى تدعوهم.
"Do not fight a people until you preach them (to enter into Islam)." [25]
LEGAL JIHAD
Legal jihad is fard (obligatory) on the basis of the word of Allah Almighty in Surah Al-Baqarah verse 216.
Legal fight jihad is fard kifayah unbelievers [26] based on the arguments of Al-Qur'an and al-Hadith is Saheeh as well as scholars of Ahlus Sunnah explanation. If some Muslims to carry it out, the obligations fall upon the other. If nothing is done it, then sin all.
The scholars said that jihad becomes fard 'ayn on three conditions:
First: If the Muslim forces and the forces of the unbelievers met and pointing at each other on the battlefield, then the person should not withdraw or turn around. The evidence is a letter to Al-Anfaala verse 16.
Second: If the enemy attacked and besieged a Muslim country that is safe, it is mandatory for residents of the country to come out fighting the enemy (in order to maintain homeland), except for women and children.
Third: If the Imam asked a people or specify some people to go to war, then it must leave. See, At-Tauba verse 38-39. [27]
RULES-RULES OF JIHAD
1. Jihad must be built on two conditions that are the foundation of any good deeds are accepted, that is sincere and mutaba'ah.
2. Jihad must be in accordance with the intent and purpose disyari'atkannya jihad, jihad is a Muslim that Islam is upright and that sentence being the most high God, as in the hadith that says to the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam,
يا رسول الله, الرجل يقاتل شجاعة, ويقاتل حمية, ويقاتل رياء, فأي ذلك في سبيل الله? فقال: من قاتل لتكون كلمة الله هي العليا فهو في سبيل الله.
"O Messenger of Allah, one fight (because you want to say) bold, a (another) war (as to say) stout, a (longer) fight for riya '(want to be seen), which included the jihad in the way of Allah?" then the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallamberkata, "Those who fight (with purpose) to make the word of Allah the most high, then he (was) fII sabiilillaah (in the way of Allah)." [28]
3. Jihad must be with knowledge and understanding of the religion, because it includes religious jihad greatest and most noble obedience.
4. Jihad must be with justice and away from hostility.
5. Jihad should be shared Imam of the Muslims or with his permission, both good and evil.
This includes the most important rules that must be present in the jihad fii sabiilillaah. Because jihad jihad against the enemy-especially with imperfect soul except by force, and no strength except with associations, and associations are not realized unless with the lack of leadership, and leadership is not true unless the submissive and obedient. All the things mentioned is mandatory, not perfect and not upright in part without the others, not even the upright religion and the world except him. [29]
Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said,
إنما الإمام جنة يقاتل من ورائه ويتقى به, فإن أمر بتقوى الله وعدل فإن له بذلك أجرا, وإن أمر بغيره فإن عليه وزرا.
"Surely the priest is a shield, it will be fought from behind [30] and he became a shield (from the front) [31]. If the priest was told to fear Allah and do justice, then he gets a reward. But if he is sent to other than that, then he gets sin. "[32]
Imam Al-Barbahari rahimahullah said, "Those who say that prayer be in the back of everyone's good and evil, jihad with all the caliphs (leaders of both good and evil), not rebel against the ruler with the sword, and pray for them with goodness, then he was out of the Khawarij were the first words and the last. "[33]
Imam Abu Ja'far at-Thahawi rahimahullah said,
... والحج والجهاد مع أولى الأمر من المسلمين, برهم وفاجرهم إلى قيام الساعة, لا يبطلها شيء ولا ينقضهما.
"Hajj and jihad remains in effect along ulil amri (ruler) of the Muslims, both good and evil. No one can undo and ruin it. "[34]
Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah rahimahullah said, "Compulsory known that obey ulil amri including the greatest religious obligation. Not even upright religion and the world except him. Due to imperfect real benefit to mankind except to the society for the purpose of most of them to some others. And mandatory for them when there is a society chairman / leader ... because Allah Ta'ala requires enjoining evil, and it is not perfect but with the strength and leadership. So is all that God enjoined the form of jihad, justice, hajj, Friday prayer, Salaah, helping people who terzhalimi, enforce the hadd punishment, everything is not perfect but with the strength and leadership. Because of this it is reported that the authorities shade of God on earth. And say: sixty years a priest zhalim together better than a day no ruler. Research has proven it is ... So that must make leadership (on the basis) of religion and the means to draw closer to God, because the approach to Him with obedience to Him and obedience to His apostles including closer (to Allah) are the most important , because the real leadership of the damage state of most humans to want power or possessions. "[35]
6. FII sabiilillaah Jihad carried out in accordance with their circumstances, are weak or strong.
Due to circumstances that vary according to time and place. When the Muslims weak condition as at present, then it must be patient, as was done by the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam and his companions when in Makkah.
7 Jihad goodness it must produce clear, so that no greater damage.
Because jihad is disyari'atkan to produce goodness and prevent damage in Islam and the Muslims, both for individuals and society. And jihad is always disyari'atkan if the Muslims knew for sure or behold with the holding of jihad will produce merits in accordance with the purpose of shari'ah. But if it is believed or thought that the jihad will do greater damage, then when it does not disyari'atkan jihad and not commanded.
Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah rahimahullah said, "Jihad and good deeds of the most important is that most obey the Lord and most beneficial to humans. But if (jihad and good deeds) that resulted in harm and prevent to get more useful, then it does not become good deeds. "[36]
In conclusion, must arbitrate to al-Qur'an and Sunnah of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam in any case small or large, and it includes four things, namely the belief that authentic, sincere intentions, true resignation, and following the example of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam well. [37]
CONCLUSION
1.-seutama Jihad is the main practice.
2 In the jihad there is goodness world and the hereafter, and leave the world and hereafter losses.
3. Jihad in Allah's way leads someone to guide her way, and plus instructions. [38]
4 In the jihad there are benefits to human perfection.
5. Jihad lift kezhaliman from yourself and others.
6. Jihad includes all sorts of worship and the spiritual Zahir.
7 People who strive glorified Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala.
Relive 8 religious right way and these efforts should be vertical to the jihad in Allah's path.
9 In jihad there is forgiveness of sins.
10 Jihad is for the removal of fanaticism class, group, party, nationalism. Even jihad makes ummah trying to achieve one goal, namely that the word of Allah high.
11. Jihad is the peak of charity, and collected in them noble deeds.
12. In jihad there is resignation to God Almighty peak and peak patient.
13. In essence there is jihad in the ascetic life of the world.
14.-And avail other benefits. [39]
[Copied from the Sunnah magazine Issue 12 / Year XV / 1433H / 2012M. Publishers Foundation Standing Committee Istiqomah Surakarta, Jl. Solo-Purwodadi Km.8 Selokaton Gondangrejo Solo 57 183 Tel. 0271-858197 Fax 0271-858196]
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