 |
| Tien, Tutut, Suharto |
The journey is not yet finished (8)
(Part the eighth, Depok, West Java, Indonesia, August 10,
2014 5:50 pm
Coinciding ahead of President Suharto's Speech At the General
Assembly to the 47th United Nations. Speech of President Suharto in Assembly
47th General Assembly of the United Nations September 24, 1992 in New York a
few days earlier there was also a 13-nation conference session Exporting OPEC
(Organization of the Petroleum Exsporting Countries), Indonesia at that time
still a member of OPEC as oil production reach 1.6 million barrels a day pera
half in exports, Indonesia has now been out of OPEC, because the level of
peoduksinya live about 1 million barrels per day mostly consumed within the
country and even Indonesia is now even menigimpor crude oil from Iran and other
Middle East.
At the time of trial OPEC Indonesian delegation led by
the Minister of Mines and Energy Ginandjar Kartasasmita. OPEC itself when the
Secretary General in the handshake Prof.Dr. Subroto.
In the session I represent OPEC News Agency Antara, and
setibsnys in Vienna turned out I met with a Reuters correspondent Chris Curley,
who is believed to be after the trial OPEC Chief Editor Regarding Indonesia
Television Indonesia Rajawali Citra Televisi (RCTI).
We stayed in a hotel in Vienna Marriots hotel, not far
from the site of the Headquarters Building OPEC OPEC session.
OPEC session on the second day, after covering the trial
I rushed to the government-owned Post Office Austria, because the time to send
a message to the central office using telex Between LKBN. Because labor typist
at the post office is expensive, my own typing telek it.
By the time I walk to the post office through the tourist
area of OPEC Headquarters, among others through the many old churches are
used as tourist attractions.
When right in front of the old church that I met with
Muhammad Hassan (Hasan) and his entourage, so I immediately met and shook hands
with him.
After that I invited Bob Hasan to a Chinese restaurant
for lunch, for at this restaurant Bob Hasan much to tell, he arrived in Vienna
after coming from Finland to buy a paper mill for his paper mill in Indonesia.
Bob Hasan is also much talk about the doings of the
Minister in the cabinet of Suharto. This is not surprising because Hasan was
known to be close to President Suharto, even they play golf regularly together
in Rawamangun Golf Course, East Jakarta.
That said, as told by a source, Bob Hassan is actually
not from Finland, but from Switzerland. The source said another middle Hasan
supposedly save money in Swiss Bank owned Suharto, because Bob Hassan was
appointed Suharto as koordiator who collect money donations mainly of
conglomerate China as Sudono Salim, and many others. This information is
correct to date have not proven but which Time magazine circulation of 6
million copies were ever to write articles that Suharto save trillions of
dollars in Swiss bank and other Banks.
 |
| Subroto and me in Vienna |
After my session with Chris Curley OPEC come to the home
office in Vienna, OPEC Secretary General Subroto for Wawanvara.
After my interview with Subroto streets see tourist sites
in Austria, the Netherlands, Germany, and Hungary (Budapest) for my Budapaest
in town hosted by the Indonesian Ambassador to Hungary Pringgodigdo.
When that Suharto and his entourage before leaving New
York, was stopped in Switzerland.
Wikipedia writes, Suharto corruption case involving the
use of state funds by the foundation diketuainya 7 pieces, namely Yayasan Dana
Sejahtera Mandiri, Supersemar Foundation, Yayasan Dharma Bhakti Social
(Dharmais), Karya Bhakti Foundation Endowment Fund (Dakab), Yayasan Amal Bhakti
Muslim Pancasila, Mutual Assistance Foundation Humanitarian Fund, Foundation
TRIKORA. In 1995, Soeharto issued Presidential Decree No. 90 of 1995, this
decree calls on employers to contribute 2 percent of its profits to the
Foundation Fund Mandiri.
The results of the investigation of seven foundations
Suharto generate a 2,000-page thick. This file contains the results of
examination of 134 witnesses and nine expert witnesses fact, following hundreds
of authentic documents confiscated two teams ever formed [the Great], since
[[2]]
400 billion of state money flowing into the fund Mandiri
Foundation between the years [[3]] and [[4]]. Originally from heading the
Department of Forestry and Reforestation Fund aid post of the president. In the
Suharto case file, it was revealed that [Suyono], who was then Minister of
State for Population and the Head [National Family Planning], divert the funds
to the foundation. At that time, he was a vice chairman at Dana Mandiri.
[Trihatmodjo],
who became treasurer of the foundation, along Haryono,
apparently
drain again the fund of Rp 400 billion that has been
entered into the foundation to his two banks, Alfa Bank and Bank Andromeda, the
[[5]] - [[6]], in the form of deposits.
From the data in the file Suharto, [Hasan] greatest
financial harm the country, expected to reach Rp 3.3 trillion. It is also
revealed from the recognition Ali Affandi, Secretary Supersemar, when examined
as a witness in the case of Suharto. He revealed, Supersemar, Dakab, and
Dharmais has stakes in 27 companies Nusamba Bob Hasan Group. Most of the stock
was still in the name of Hasan personal, not the foundation.
[Mandala Putra], Suharto's youngest son along with
[Suprapto], has used the name Supersemar to get 144 hectares of land in
[Bogor], to the construction of [Sentul]. Previously, Tommy and Tinton trying
to conquer the land through the Provincial Government [West], but failed.
Contents [hide]
1 Decree of Termination of Prosecution
2 Timeline of Suharto corruption case
2.1 1998
2.2 1999
2.3 2000
2.4 2007
2.5 2008
3 Notes
4 Decree of Termination of Prosecution
5 Timeline of Suharto corruption case [3]
5.1 1998
5.2 1999
5.3 2000
5.4 2006
5.5 2007
5.6 2008
6 Notes
7 kak
Termination Decree Prosecution
On [May] [[7]], coincides with the commemoration of eight
years [Trisakti], [Supreme] [Rahman Saleh] issued a statement that it has been
issued [Termination Decision Prosecution Case] (SKP3) case of former
President Suharto, whose content is to stop the prosecution of alleged
corruption of former President Suharto on [foundations] which leads to physical
and mental reasons unfit defendant before the court. SKPP was issued [South
Jakarta] on [May] [[8]].
[June] [[9]], Judge [South Jakarta] (South Jakarta District
Court) granted the request [[10]] Suharto submitted by various organizations.
In a pretrial hearing decision, the judge stated Andi Samsan Nganro Prosecution
Termination Case Assessment Letter (SKP3) on behalf of HM Soeharto defendant
dated May 11, 2006 is not legally valid, and declared the charges against
Soeharto opened and continued.
The timeline Suharto corruption case
1998
[September] [[11]]
Team [Supreme] found indications misuses funds managed
foundations Suharto, of the articles of association of the institution.
[September] 1998
Suharto announced his fortune through [Education
Indonesia]
(TPI). "I do not have any money ...," said
Suharto. In an interview with TPI, Suharto said he did not have such a wealth
of never reported by the mass media.
[September] 1998
Sandalwood Consultant Team asked the President [[12]],
and [Defense and Security] to provide extra attention to tight and protect
Suharto of insult, slur, and blasphemy.
[September] 1998
Government [[13]] were willing to assist the government
of Indonesia Suharto track accounts abroad.
[September] 1998
[General] [M. Ghalib] appointed Chairman [Investigation
Intellectual Suharto].
[September] 1998
Attorney General Andi M. Ghalib visited Suharto house in
Jalan Cendana to clarify wealth of Suharto.
[September] 1998
Suharto
come to the Office of the Attorney General to submit two
draft letter
power to investigate his assets, both inside and outside
the country.
[September] 1998
AGO formed the Investigation Team, Research and
Clarifications Assets Suharto led Jampidsus [Sujata].
[October] 1998
National Land Agency announced the Cendana family land
spread in 10 provinces in Indonesia.
[October] 1998
Andi
M Ghalib stated, the decision of former president
released
President Suharto, has been legally valid. Fault lies in
the implementation.
[October] 1998: Attorney General Intelligence Centre team
examined data Tapos farm land belonging to Suharto.
[November] 1998
President Habibie proposed the establishment of an
independent commission investigating Suharto treasure. However, this proposal
foundered.
[November] 1998
Suharto wrote a letter to President Habibie, the contents
of the submission of the seven foundations that led to the government.
[December] 1998
President Habibie issued a Presidential Instruction No.
30/1998 on the wealth of Suharto investigation.
[December] 1998
Attorney General sent a letter to Suharto's call.
[December] 1998
In front of the House of Representatives Commission I,
Attorney General revealed the results of an examination of seven foundations:
[Dharmais], [Dakab], [Supersemar], [Amal Bhakti Muslim Pancasila], [Dana
Mandiri], [Mutual Aid], and [TRIKORA]. A number of foundations have a net worth
of Rp 4,014 trillion.
The Attorney General also found an account in the name of
Suharto in 72 banks in the country with a value [[14]] Rp 24 billion to Rp 23
billion saved in the account [[15]], and a land area of 400 thousand hectares
on behalf of the Suharto family.
[
Thursday, July 31, 2014
4 President & 8 Failed Attorney General Suharto Prove
Corruption
4 President & 8 Failed Attorney General Suharto Prove
Corruption
Tuesday, January 15, 2008
One of the missions that echoed the 1998 reform was to
investigate the corruption of President Soeharto. However, nearly 10 years
passed, 4 and 8 attorney general president failed to do so.
In the era of President BJ Habibie, Attorney General Andi
Ghalib even went to Switzerland for pursuing Suharto. But the result is nil and
exit Letters Termination of Investigation (SP3) on October 11, 1999.
On December 6, 1999, President Abdurrahman Wahid alias
Gus Dur back to investigate the wealth of Suharto and appoint Attorney
congregations, Marzuki Darusman, start the investigation again. After passing
on house arrest and confiscation of assets over Suharto, on 29 September 2000,
the South Jakarta District Court judge set the case can not continue and must
be stopped.
Gus Dur has foundered prove Suharto corruption. Then on
June 6, 2001, Wahid sacked Marzuki Darusman and replace it with a fierce
prosecutor, Baharuddin Lopa. However Lopa trigger invoked the Almighty month
after being appointed.
Lopa was replaced by executing tasks, Soeparman, for
several days. Then Marsillam Simanjuntak lined up to be the Attorney General
until August 14, 2001, shortly after Gus Dur was ousted from the presidency by
Megawati Sukarnoputri.
In the era of Megawati, through the Attorney General MA
Rachman, almost no buzz. Suharto as the case in place.
Once Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY) rose, Abdul Rahman
Saleh was appointed Attorney General. Initially impressed Abdul Rahman Saleh
intensively want to investigate Suharto treasure, but instead on May 11, 2006,
came out again SP3 Soeharto case on the grounds of permanent ill.
After changing to the Attorney General Hendarman
Supandji, began a new effort to investigate Suharto treasure: civil lines. On
August 9, 2007, for the first time held a civil trial in the case of Soeharto
South Jakarta District Court.
AGO conduct a civil suit against Suharto and Supersemar
on tort. AGO demanded compensation for material and US $ 420 million to Rp 185
billion and Rp 10 trillion immaterial. And to this day, the case is still
rolling in the South Jakarta District Court.
Here various important moments Suharto property
investigation based on an affidavit (sworn statement) Otto Cornelis Kaligis in
court cases involving Tommy at the Royal Court Guernsey, England on 14 to 17
May 2007, and the search results AFP:
1 On 1 September 1998, the Attorney General decided to
prosecute Suharto foundation assets.
2 On 15 September 1998, the Indonesian government
appointed Attorney General at the time, Andi M Ghalib, as chairman of the
Suharto wealth investigations.
3 On 29 September 1998, the Attorney General formed a
team to investigate and clarify the wealth of Suharto, chaired by attorney
Antonius Sujata.
4 On October 29, 1998, a team headed by Antonius Sujata visited
Suharto in Tapos owned plantations, Bogor.
5. On December 2, 1998, the current president, BJ Habibie
issued a Presidential Decree 30/1998 on how the investigation wealth of
Suharto.
6 On December 5, 1998, the Attorney General issued a call
for Suharto.
7 On December 9, 1998, a team from the Attorney General
Suharto check corruption-related charges.
8 On May 30, 1999, the Attorney General at the time, Andi
Ghalib, and the Minister of Justice at that time, Muladi, went to Switzerland
to investigate allegations of Suharto save money $ 9 billion in the Swiss bank.
9 On June 11, 1999, Andi Ghalib and issued a report
Muladi That investigation, which did not find any assets of Soeharto in the
banks of Switzerland and Austria.
10 On October 11, 1999, the Attorney General issued a
Warrant Termination of Investigation (SP3) against Suharto because there is no
adequate evidence.
 |
| corruption news |
11. On December 6, 1999, the current president,
Abdurrahman Wahid alias Gus Dur, trace back the wealth of Suharto and appoint
Attorney congregations, Marzuki Darusman, start the investigation again on
Suharto.
12. On December 29, 1999, the South Jakarta District
Court rejected claims of pre-trial asking the court to cancel SP3 Suharto.
13. On February 14, 2000, the Attorney General issued a
summons Suharto.
14. On February 16, 2000, Attorney General Marzuki
Darusman form a health team checked Suharto.
15. On March 31, 2000, Suharto announced involved misuse
of foundation funds.
16. On 3 April 2000, a team from the Attorney General
Suharto came to the residence to check Suharto.
17. On 13 April 2000, Suharto became prisoners of the
city.
18. On May 29, 2000, Suharto under house arrest.
19. On July 7, 2000, the Attorney General issued an
extension of Suharto under house arrest.
20 On July 15, 2000, the Attorney General to seize the
assets and accounts of several foundations.
21. On August 8, 2000, the Attorney General submit the
case file to the South Jakarta District Court.
22. On August 23, 2000, the South Jakarta District Court
set a hearing held August 31, 2000 Suharto.
23. On August 31, 2000, Suharto did not attend the
hearing. His doctor said Suharto ill and the judges sent a letter asking the
doctor to explain the health of Suharto.
24. On 23 September 2000, Suharto entered Pertamina
Hospital and physician examination showed Suharto has nerve and mental problems
and difficult to communicate.
25 On 29 September 2000, the South Jakarta District Court
judges set a trial did not continue and must be stopped.
26. On May 11, 2006, Attorney General Abdul Rahman Saleh
through the South Jakarta District Court issued SP3 Suharto.
27. On June 5, 2006, Adili Soeharto Society Movement
(Gemas), Law and Human Rights Adviser, association (APHI) and the Anonymous
Committee, filed a pretrial on Termination Decree Prosecution Case (SKP3) of
former president Suharto.
28. On June 12, 2006, the South Jakarta District Court
and states cancels SKP3 Suharto Suharto should be continued demand for
29. On August 1, 2006, the Jakarta High Court declared
lawful SKP3 Suharto.
30 On August 9, 2007, hearing civil cases Suharto held at
the South Jakarta District Court. AGO conduct a civil suit against Suharto and
Supersemar on tort. AGO demanded compensation for material and US $ 420 million
to Rp 185 billion and Rp 10 trillion immaterial.
31. On August 30, 2007, the Supreme Court judges Suharto
won a lawsuit against Time Asia magazine. Time required to pay compensation of
Rp 1 trillion and a public apology. (Http://soehartobukanpahlawan.blogspot.com/
10 Actors Money Laundering Biggest In History, Suharto
No. 1 in the World
The most surprising thing about the list of the world's
worst money launderers is that, although managing to launder more than $ 50
billion between them, their sentences in prison is less than one year.We estimate
that they are true - true money launderer "best "in the world.
10 Semion Mogilevich Yudkovich
Born in Ukraine, Mogilevich is believed by European and
United States law enforcement agencies as the federal "boss of
bosses" of most Russian Mafia syndicates in dunia.julukan Mogilevich
include "Brainy Don" because of his business acumen, and he has been
called "the mafia dangerous in the world ".
Mogilevich was arrested in Moscow in 2008, for tax
evasion but was released less than a year later.
Russian interior ministry stated that the charges against
him "is not very heavy". He's in the 'list of Top Ten most wanted by
the FBI.
The amount of money laundered: Estimates of more than $ 1
billion.
Penalties: None.
9.Meyer Lansky
Meyer Lansky is recognized as the father of modern forms
of laundering uang.Pada 1930, he was the first to use the Caribbean to conceal
the proceeds of crime that has been washed through Casino in Las Vegas, before
moving to Cuba where he oversaw gambling concessions.
Later in life, Lansky will hold untold millions in Swiss
bank accounts and companies in Hong Kong, Israel and the rest of South America.
He is an expert on flexible utilization of government officials, not been
convicted of the charges against him.
Washed Total: About $ 1 billion.
Penalties: None.
8 Al Capone
Alphonse "Al" Capone or Scarface is probably
the most famous of all gangster.Dia creating a criminal organization in America
in the 1920s, during the era of Prohibition of Alcohol, grossing an estimated $
100 million from the results obtained illegally each year, which washed through
a series of business .
He was arrested, subsequent detention at Alcatraz in the
1930s not as a result of money laundering or criminal activities like
bootlegging, prostitution and gambling, but because it was found guilty of tax
evasion.
Number washed: Estimated $ 1 billion.
Penalty: seven years in prison (for tax evasion).
7 Sani Abacha
Sani Abacha was a military leader who became president of
Nigeria in 1993.Selama 5 years of the regime, he and his family managed to suck
out of the state treasury a total of £ 3 miliar.Abacha listed by Transparency
International as the fourth most corrupt leader in the world in history.
He died suddenly in 1998 at the age of 54 years and was
buried immediately without any autopsy, rumors that he had been poisoned.
Number washed: Estimated $ 3 billion.
Penalties: None.
6. Mobutu Sese Seko
Mobutu was president of the Democratic Republic of the
Congo 1965-1997.Dia is number 3 on the leader of the most corrupt Transparency
International's list of embezzling about US $ 5 billion - largely unknown
kembali.Mobutu regularly hired Concorde from Air France for personal use,
including shopping trips to Paris for himself and keluarganya.Ia died in exile
in Morocco in 1997,
Number washed: Estimated $ 5 billion
Penalties: None.
5. King Leopold II of Belgium
In 1885, on condition that the inhabitants should be
brought into the modern world and that all countries are allowed to trade
freely with it, effectively Leopold was appointed patriarch and benefactor of
the Congo Free State by the countries in the world's most kuat.Namun, he
immediately shut all borders, taking personal control of all business, and turn
the country into a brutal slave labor camp managed by his thugs.
He secretly meyalurkan great advantages of the Congo (for
eight years in 1890 was the Congo is world's largest supplier of rubber)
through several wholly-owned trading companies on their behalf by a private
holding company.
Most of the illicit profits are used to finance the
construction of large buildings to the public in Belgium, which is considered
to be a major interest of the people's sincerity for Belgium.
In 1907, when King Leopold was forced to relinquish
control to the Belgian government, the population of the Congo had been reduced
by 50% of the estimated 20 million to 10 million.
Number washed: Annual Income Democratic Republic of Congo
for 22 years.
Punishment: The Belgian government bought the rights
Leopold 'in gratitude' to the Congo about $ 5 million.
4 Dawood Ibrahim
Dawood Ibrahim is accused of heading a criminal syndicate
as 5,000 members who operate mostly in Pakistan, India and the United Arab
Arab.Dikatakan that he has managed to wash billions of dollars through the
hawala network .He also alleged to have become the organizer and financer of
the 1993 Mumbai bombings and the large number of wash money in the name of
Osama Bin Laden.
In 2003 the United States declared Dawood Ibrahim a
"global terrorist" fortune estimated at about $ 5 billion.
Laundered Amount: $ 3-US $ 5 billion. Washed Total: $
3-US $ 5 billion.
Punishment: He remains free and whereabouts are unknown
although currently living in Pakistan.
3 Ferdinand Marcos
Marcos is an attorney who ruled as President of the
Philippines 1965-1986 before being ousted by the uprising populer.Dia is number
2 on the leader of the most corrupt by Transparency International, has a list
of money laundered billions of dollars of embezzled public funds through the
United States, Switzerland, and the-state other countries, as long as 20 years
in power.
His wife, Imelda, known to leave more than 2,500 pairs of
shoes in the closet when he and marcos escape from Manila.
Washed Total: $ 5 billion s.d. $ 10 Billion
Punishment: Marcos died of a heart attack in 1989 while
in exile in Honolulu, Hawaii, awaiting trial.
2 Pablo Escobar
He is regarded as the richest and most successful
criminal in the history of the world.In 1989, Forbes magazine declared Escobar
as the seventh richest man in the world, with a personal fortune estimated at $
9 billion.
He and his brother's operation was so successful that at
its peak they spend $ 1,000 per week just to buy rubber bands to wrap the
stacks of money.
Also, since they had more illegal money than they could
deposit in the banks, they keep the cash gendelan in their warehouses,
annually, as much as 10% "rotten" when the rats crept at night and
nibbled their hundred-dollar bills.
Number washed: $ 5-US $ 10 billion.
Penalties: Life in prison is a very luxurious for several
months in 1992, he fled after hearing he would be transferred to another
prison, and immediately killed.
1 President Suharto
Suharto was President of Indonesia from 1967 -
1998.Segera after forced his resignation, Time magazine published an article
about the search fortune about $ 15 billion were distributed to families in 11
countries.
The magazine is also documented more than $ 73 billion of
income and assets that have passed through the hands of Suharto's family during
his tenure as President of Indonesia. He is number 1 in the list of
Transparency International as the most corrupt leader in the world.
Number washed: $ 15 - $ 35 billion.
Punishment: Suharto was considered too old to be brought
to court and died in 2008.
Compiled by Gary Youinou, Founder KnowYourCountry.com, an
open access on the phone library containing 218 Country Report focuses on
anti-money laundering and sanctions issues.
http://www.apasih.com/2011/01/10-offender-money-laundering-biggest-dalam.html
Time magazine wrote about the corruption of Suharto:
The Family Firm
A TIME investigation into the wealth of Indonesia's
Suharto and his children uncovers a $15 billion fortune in cash, property, art,
jewelry and jets
By JOHN COLMEY and DAVID LIEBHOLD Jakarta
When the end came for Suharto, Indonesia's long-serving
President appeared oddly passive. As students and angry mobs took to the
streets and soldiers responded with gunfire and tear gas, the five-star general
hovered in the background, making few attempts to set things right. When he
finally quit a year ago this week, he stood meekly to the side as his
successor, B.J. Habibie, took the oath of office. Suharto has hardly been heard
from since.
But Indonesia's onetime autocrat has been far busier than
most of his countrymen realize. Just after his fall from power there began
feverish movements of his personal fortune. In July 1998, reports emerged that
a staggering sum of money linked to Indonesia had been shifted from a bank in
Switzerland to another in Austria, now considered a safer haven for hush-hush
deposits. The transfer caught the attention of the United States Treasury,
which tracks such movements, and set in motion diplomatic inquiries in Vienna.
Now, as part of a four-month investigation that covered 11 countries, TIME has
learned that $9 billion of Suharto money was transferred from Switzerland to a
nominee bank account in Austria. Not bad for a man whose presidential salary
was $1,764 a month when he left office. (Suharto, for his part, denies that he
has any bank deposits abroad and insists that his wealth amounts to a mere 19
hectares of land in Indonesia, plus $2.4 million in savings.)
Those billions are just part of the Suharto wealth. Though
the Asian financial crisis has trimmed the family empire considerably, the
former President and his children retain a staggering fortune. It was built
over three decades from a skein of companies, monopolies and control over vast
sectors of economic activity in Indonesia--from oil exports to humble pilgrims
making the yearly visit to Mecca. (They flew on planes leased from companies
controlled by Suharto's children.) According to data from the National Land
Agency and Properti Indonesia magazine, the Suharto family on its own or
through corporate entities controls some 3.6 million hectares of real estate in
Indonesia, an area larger than Belgium. That includes 100,000 sq m of prime
office space in Jakarta and nearly 40% of the entire province of East Timor.
Within Indonesia, the six Suharto offspring have
significant equity in at least 564 companies, and their overseas interests
include hundreds of other firms, scattered from the U.S. to Uzbekistan, the
Netherlands, Nigeria and Vanuatu. The Suhartos also possess plenty of the
trappings of wealth. In addition to a $4 million hunting ranch in New Zealand
and a half-share in a $4 million yacht moored outside Darwin, Australia,
youngest son Hutomo Mandala Putra (nicknamed Tommy) owns a 75% stake in an 18-hole
golf course with 22 luxury apartments in Ascot, England. Bambang Trihatmodjo,
Suharto's second son, has an $8 million penthouse in Singapore and a $12
million mansion in an exclusive neighborhood of Los Angeles, two doors down
from rock star Rod Stewart and just up the street from his brother Sigit
Harjoyudanto's $9 million home. Eldest daughter Siti Hardiyanti Rukmana may
have sold her Boeing 747-200 jumbo jet, but the family's fleet of planes
included, at least until recently, a DC-10, a blue-and-red Boeing 737, a
Canadian Challenger 601 and a BAC-111. The latter once belonged to the Royal
Squadron of Britain's Queen Elizabeth II, according to Dudi Sudibyo, managing
editor of Indonesia's Angkasa aerospace magazine.
Neither Suharto nor his six children responded to
requests for interviews, though lawyers for the former President and son
Bambang asserted that their clients did nothing illegal. Indeed, no one has
proven that the Suhartos broke any laws. Their companies mostly consist of
operating entities that turn profits, create jobs and import Western
technology. Yet allegations that the former First Family benefited from
favoritism, commonly heard in Indonesia since the early 1980s, began to grow
louder when the former President resigned. His successor quickly announced an
official investigation into such charges. Tommy, the youngest son whose
corporate empire at one point included the Lamborghini sports car company, is
already in legal jeopardy, facing charges of defrauding a state agency of $11
million in a real estate deal. The South Jakarta district court recently
rejected a plea from Tommy's lawyers that he be tried in a civil court and is
proceeding with a criminal trial.
In an interview at the State Palace, Habibie told TIME he
will not cover up for his former mentor, but he has so far declined to freeze
the family's holdings or to follow up on the investigation in any meaningful
way. Private asset-tracing firms are excited at the prospect of a Suharto
treasure hunt, if only Jakarta would hire them. "In terms of dollars, we
think this could be bigger than anything we have ever seen before," says
Stephen Vickers, Asia chief for Kroll Associates, which helped investigate the
wealth of the Philippines' former President Ferdinand Marcos. "My bags are
packed."
The search won't start in earnest unless the man in
charge of the government's investigation, Attorney General Andi Muhammad
Ghalib, gives the go-ahead. Ghalib, a three-star general in the Indonesian
military, told TIME that he has found no evidence that his former supreme
commander wrongly acquired state assets. But Ghalib has been moving slowly, and
some of his own staff members are not convinced the investigation is serious.
In the opinion of an official in the Attorney General's office, "Ghalib is
on a mission to protect Suharto."
Nonetheless, the code of secrecy shielding the family is
breaking down. After hundreds of interviews with former and current Suharto
friends and government officials, business associates, lawyers, accountants,
bankers and relatives, as well as examinations of dozens of documents
(including bank records of outstanding loans), TIME correspondents found
indications that at least $73 billion passed through the family's hands between
1966 and last year. Much of that was from the mining, timber, commodities and
petroleum industries. Bad investments and Indonesia's financial crisis have
reduced the sum substantially. But evidence indicates that Suharto and his six
children still have a conservatively estimated $15 billion in cash, shares,
corporate assets, real estate, jewelry and fine art--including works by
Indonesian masters Affandi and Basoeki Abdullah in the collection of Siti
Hediati Hariyadi, the middle daughter known as "Titiek."
Suharto laid the foundation for the family fortune by
establishing the intricate nationwide system of patronage that kept him in
power for 32 years. His children, in turn, parlayed their ties to the President
into the role of middlemen for government purchases and sales of oil products,
plastics, arms, airplane parts and petrochemicals. They held monopolies on the
distribution and import of major commodities. They obtained low-interest loans
by colluding with or even strong-arming bankers, who were often afraid to ask
for repayment. Subarjo Joyosumarto, managing director of Bank Indonesia, the
central bank, confirms that during the time of Suharto, "there was an
environment that made it difficult for the state banks to refuse them."
While the Indonesian economy was growing fast, it was
possible to make light of the Suhartos' rent-seeking ways. Now, with half the
population below the poverty line as a result of the financial crash, there is
little doubt that the family grew wealthy at the expense of the nation. A
former business associate of the children estimates that they skipped tax
payments of between $2.5 billion and $10 billion on commissions alone. "It
is very likely that none of the Suharto companies has ever paid more than 10%
of its real tax obligations," says Teten Masduki, an executive member of
Indonesian Corruption Watch, an anti-graft non-governmental organization.
"Can you imagine how much revenue has been forgone?"
Many Indonesians also blame Suharto for creating a
climate of corruption that pervaded the entire economy. The World Bank
estimates that as much as 30% of Indonesia's development budget over two
decades disappeared through civil-service-wide corruption that filtered down
from the top. "If you don't pay bribes, people think you're odd,"
says Edwin Soeryadjaya, a director of an Indonesian-U.S. telecommunications
joint venture. "It's very sad. I cannot say that I'm proud to be an
Indonesian. This is one of the most corrupt countries in the world."
GREAT EXPECTATIONS
How did Suharto Inc. attain its wealth, its power and its
hold over the imaginations of millions of Indonesians? When Suharto became
acting President of Indonesia in 1967, his unique blend of forcefulness and
Javanese political subtlety was already manifest. The ousting of
"President for Life" Sukarno, the nationalist founder of the country,
took two years and, through an accompanying anti-communist purge, claimed as
many as 500,000 lives. But Suharto, an obscure general from a hardscrabble
village in central Java, led an outwardly modest life. He and his late wife
Siti Hartinah ("Madam Tien") initially lived in a simple bungalow in
the Menteng district of Jakarta and drove a 1964 Ford Galaxy. That was in
marked contrast to Sukarno, the self-styled "God-King," with his grand
presidential palace and his glamorous third wife Dewi, a former Japanese
hostess at Tokyo's Copacabana nightclub.
Behind the facade, however, Suharto showed an early
interest in making money. In the 1950s, he was allegedly involved in sugar
smuggling and other extra-military activities in Central Java that may have
cost him command of the Army's Diponegoro Division during a 1959
anti-corruption drive. In his autobiography, Suharto asserts that he bartered
sugar for rice to ease a local food shortage and that he did not benefit
personally. In any case, the military transferred Suharto to a less influential
position at the army staff college in Bandung, West Java.
In 1966, Suharto Inc. began to take shape. Before being
officially named President, Suharto issued Decree No. 8 to seize two
Sukarno-controlled conglomerates with combined assets of $2 billion. They
became PT Pilot Project Berdikari, a company that Suharto placed under the
management of Achmad Tirtosudiro, a former general who now heads a powerful
Muslim organization founded by President Habibie. The firm was to become one of
the main levers of the Suharto empire.
The President's fortunes began to soar along with those
of a few close associates, most prominently Liem Sioe Liong and The Kian Seng,
better known as Mohammad "Bob" Hasan. In late 1969, Suharto gave a
partial monopoly--it later became total--over the import, milling and
distribution of wheat and flour to PT Bogasari Flour Mills, controlled by
Liem's Salim Group. Over the years Liem--known as "Uncle Liem" to the
Suharto brood--and Hasan became Suharto's most trusted non-family associates
and eventually amassed vast commercial empires.
The bedrock of the Suharto fortune was the presidential
yayasan, or foundation. Dozens were set up, ostensibly as charities, and they
have in fact funded a large number of hospitals, schools and mosques. But the
foundations were also giant slush funds for the investment projects of the
Suhartos and their cronies, as well as for the ex-President's political
machine, Golkar. According to George Aditjondro, a sociology lecturer at
Australia's University of Newcastle, they ultimately numbered 97 and were
controlled by Suharto, his wife (who died in 1996), her relatives in the
countryside, his cousin and half-brother, the six children, their spouses and
parents, trusted military men and associates such as Habibie, Hasan and Liem.
"The foundations bought stocks, built companies, lent money to
businessmen," says Adnan Buyung Nasution, a lawyer who last year tried
unsuccessfully to set up an independent commission on the Suharto wealth.
The foundations accepted "donations," though
they were often less than voluntary. Beginning in 1978, all state-owned banks
were required to give 2.5% of their profits to both the Dharmais and Supersemar
foundations, according to former Attorney General Soedjono Atmonegoro.
Suharto's Decree No. 92, in 1996, required that each taxpayer and company
making more than $40,000 a year donate 2% of income to the Dana Sejahtera
Mandiri foundation, set up to support poverty-alleviation programs (the order
was rescinded last July). To this day, civil servants and members of the
military donate a portion of their monthly salaries to the Amal Bakti Muslim
Pancasila foundation, which was used by Suharto to win Muslim support.
While "donations" provided most of the
foundations' revenue, there were other sources as well. In 1978, Suharto
foundations took control of 60% of Bank Duta, a leading private bank, according
to a former Bank Duta official. That share was gradually increased to 87%. The
foundations invested heavily in private companies established by Suharto family
members and cronies. After that, a helpful ministry or state-owned firm would
award a contract or a monopoly to those companies.
Since Suharto's downfall, the foundations have been a
major target of Indonesian investigators. Soon after Suharto's resignation,
then-Attorney General Soedjono examined the books of the four largest yayasan.
What he found was unsettling. "These foundations were set up to deliver
social services," he says, "but Suharto had distributed the money to
his children and friends." Soedjono discovered that one of the largest
foundations, Supersemar, had dispersed 84% of its funds on unauthorized pursuits,
including loans to companies owned by Suharto's children and friends. Suharto,
as chairman, had to sign any check over $50,000. Soedjono submitted a
preliminary report on his findings to President Habibie last June. He was fired
five hours later. (The President says Soedjono was dismissed because he stepped
outside the line of command on another matter.)
OIL AND LAND
The Suharto reach extended well beyond the foundations'
interests, and few deals were more lucrative than the family's oil businesses.
In his first decade in power, Suharto allowed state oil conglomerate Pertamina
to be run as a private fief by its founder Ibnu Sutowo, a former general once
known as the second most powerful man in Indonesia. Sutowo's plan to build a
huge tanker fleet for Pertamina brought it to the brink of financial collapse
in 1975. He was fired the following year, though it wasn't clear whether the
cause was mismanagement or his political ambitions. Now 84, Sutowo tells TIME
it was neither. He says Suharto asked him in 1976 to set up a second trading
company to ship Indonesian crude oil to Japan. "He said to me, 'I want you
to take $0.10 for every barrel traded by the new company,'" Sutowo
recalls. "When I said no, I think he was shocked."
After Sutowo was fired, Pertamina eventually imported and
exported much of its oil through Perta Oil Marketing and Permindo Oil Trading,
two small companies in which Tommy and older brother Bambang acquired
significant stakes in the mid-1980s. According to a senior official in
Habibie's government, the firms received a commission of $0.30 to $0.35 a
barrel. In the 1997-98 fiscal year, the two companies handled an average of
500,000 barrels a day, for yearly commissions of more than $50 million. Says
former Mines and Energy Minister Subroto: "Pertamina could have exported
directly. There was no need for these companies."
In addition, a former business associate of Tommy and
Bambang says there were extra, unofficial markups on oil exports and imports
that earned the firms as much as $200 million a year in the 1980s, when prices
were high, and about half that in the 1990s. Suharto family companies received
Pertamina's contracts for insurance, security, food supplies and other
services--a total of 170 contracts in all. Last year, shortly after Suharto's
fall, Pertamina canceled many of them and announced instant savings of $99
million a year. Says the former associate of the Suharto scions: "They
milked Pertamina like a cow."
One major Suharto money spinner was PT Nusantara Ampera
Bakti, or Nusamba, which was launched with $1.5 billion in 1981 by three of the
foundations, together with Bob Hasan and Suharto's eldest son Sigit (who held
10% each). The firm became a sprawling conglomerate with more than 30
subsidiaries in finance, energy, pulp and paper, metal and automobiles.
Nusamba's jewel was a 4.7% share in Freeport Indonesia, an American-controlled
company that runs the world's largest gold mine in the province of Irian Jaya.
In 1992 the foundations apparently transferred their 80% share to Hasan, though
it is not clear how much he paid for it. So far, government investigators have
not asked to see Nusamba's books. Says Otto Cornelis Kaligis, head of Suharto's
eight-member legal team: "When you talk about Nusamba you have to ask Bob
Hasan. In the investigation of President Suharto, the Attorney General never
asked any questions about Nusamba."
The family profited not only by winning concessions from
the government but occasionally by disrupting the lives of individual
Indonesians who stood in the way. When Suharto wanted to build a cattle ranch
getaway in West Java in 1973, he displaced the inhabitants of five villages
spread over 751 hectares. According to official records, he paid a total of
$5,243 in compensation. Some villagers say they got nothing. Muhammad
Hasanuddin, who was a boy at the time, remembers when his family's two-hectare
rice farm was lost. "We saw the fat cows, herded by dozens of men
pompously riding on horseback, trampling our ruined fields. The whole family
could only cry." Hasanuddin's father ended up as a pedicab driver in
Jakarta.
Similar stories abound. In 1996, a company owned by Tommy
forced villagers off their land in Bali to build a 650-hectare resort. The firm
had a permit for only 130 hectares, which it illegally expanded, according to
Sonny Qodri, chairman of Bali's Legal Aid Institute. Residents who refused to
sign an agreement to sell their land were intimidated, beaten and sometimes put
in a pond up to their necks. Two were brought to court and jailed for six months.
Nothing remains of the project now: recession hit just as the bulldozers were
moving in.
Hasan Basri Durin, chairman of the National Land Agency
and Minister of Land Affairs, says the Suharto family typically paid peanuts
for the property it acquired--the average was 6% of market value--and reluctant
sellers often changed their minds after visits from thugs or soldiers.
"Sometimes they didn't pay one cent," says Hasan. "But it's
legal because they [the Suhartos] have the documents." Only about half of
Indonesia's farmers hold a registered title to their land, so proving ownership
can be difficult--and proving intimidation even harder. As a result, few have
come forward to complain.
When the Suharto regime fell, the children used their
influence to extricate themselves from ailing businesses and debts. In April
1994, Tommy launched the Goro supermarket chain with two of his companies and
the Central Village Cooperative, a large, government-run farmers' organization.
Together they borrowed more than $100 million in loans, according to Bank Bumi
Daya records. No repayments were ever made on the loans. On May 4, 1998, Tommy
sold his shares to the farmers and their cooperative for $112 million in cash,
saddling them with the entire debt. "The children were very wild,"
says Ibnu Hartomo, younger brother of Madam Tien. "It seems that they have
forgotten about ethics." Angry mobs burned down one Goro store in south
Jakarta during riots in May 1998, a week before Suharto resigned.
Though much of the Suharto fortune has been lost through
mismanagement and the country's economic collapse--Tommy's PT Sempati Air, for
instance, went bust in 1998--the family still has many viable businesses. One
of many small examples: Sigit's PT Panutan Selaras produces 25% of the "premix"
high-octane gasoline used in Indonesian cars and owns 22 filling stations in
Jakarta, Surabaya and Central Java. Tommy's PT Humpuss Trading, meanwhile, is
also producing the high-end gasoline.
And then there's real estate. While prices have plunged
in Indonesia, the family's property holdings are today worth $1 billion, and
many--including rubber and sugar plantations, malls and hotels--continue to
bring in revenue. In the mid-1980s, Bambang paid the government $700 per sq m
for a plot of land in central Jakarta on which now sits the Grand Hyatt Hotel,
the prime asset of his publicly listed PT Plaza Indonesia Realty. In Bali, the
children ended up with some of the most lucrative gems of the tourist industry:
Bali Cliff Hotel (Sigit), Sheraton Nusa Indah Resort (Bambang), Sheraton Laguna
Nusa Dua (Bambang), Bali Intercontinental Resort (Bambang, until two months
ago), Nikko Royal Hotel (Sigit, until six months ago), the Four Seasons Resort
in Jimbaran (Tommy) and the Bali Golf and Country Club in Nusa Dua (Tommy).
Tutut and Tommy bought the land under Jakarta's National Police Headquarters
for a fifth of its market value. Minister of Forestry Muslimin Nasution says
4.5 million hectares of forest and plantation land is connected to the Suharto
children. Observes Melbourne-based economist Michael Backman, who has written
about the Suhartos in his book Asian Eclipse: Exploring the Dark Side of
Business in Asia: "Anyone who says the family businesses are broke has got
it wrong. They still have shares in timber, oil palm plantations and hotels,
all of which are big dollar earners."
THE WHEELS OF JUSTICE
Suharto continues to insist that his assets are modest
and located entirely in Indonesia. "He told me, 'I don't have one cent
abroad,'" says Kaligis, his top lawyer. "If anyone is found to have
set up an account in his name overseas, he has instructed me to launch a
lawsuit against them." Since Suharto resigned, son Bambang and his family
have been spending time in Los Angeles; Titiek has been in Boston, where her
son goes to high school. The rest of the Suhartos live most of the year in
Indonesia. Sigit spends hours on his favorite Versace couch (no one else is
allowed to sit on it), playing video games and watching tapes of Javanese
shadow puppet performances.
But the wheels of justice have barely started moving.
Attorney General Ghalib says Suharto has handed over to the government seven
foundations with $690 million in assets. Members of Ghalib's own staff,
however, say Suharto continues to control those holdings and that the
foundations are worth far more than that. Three of the foundations together
have an 87% stake in Bank Duta, which had assets of $1 billion in 1990. Yet in
investigating the foundations, Ghalib has not gone beyond their printed
records, which he has turned over to a state auditing board for analysis. Says
Ghalib's predecessor Soedjono: "This investigation isn't going
anywhere."
The ongoing reform of Indonesia's banking sector also
seems to be helping Suharto family members and associates cover up their debt
obligations. Last October, the government announced a plan to merge four state
banks--with a total of $11.5 billion in nonperforming loans--into one. The six
Suharto children and several companies affiliated with them are listed by the government
as owing $800 million in bad debts to the four banks. The amount may well be
understated: between them, Bambang and Tommy have $635 million in bad loans
from just one of the four, Bank Bumi Daya. An official with the bank says that
its accounts were falsely reported to the government, including $172 million
lent to Hashim Djojohadikusumo, Titiek's brother-in-law, to buy stock in
another bank. Borrowing money to purchase bank shares is illegal in Indonesia.
Asked to respond, Hashim's office said he was too busy for an interview. When
TIME informed Habibie of the loan, the President immediately began looking into
it.
A genuine investigation into the Suharto booty will
probably have to await the next government. A parliamentary election scheduled
for June 7, to be followed by a presidential vote in November, could change the
political equation substantially. Two leading presidential candidates, Amien
Rais and Abdurrahman Wahid, say they would order a trial for Suharto, probably
followed by a pardon if he returns ill-gotten gains. Megawati Sukarnoputri,
daughter of founding President Sukarno and herself a presidential candidate,
hasn't made her stand clear. Some analysts think she will leave Suharto alone,
out of gratitude for his not imprisoning her father.
The children, however, could be in for rougher treatment.
"As long as their father is alive," says a Suharto family friend,
"he can probably protect them. After he's gone, they're going to have to
run." Three of the six children have homes in the U.S., so prosecutors
there could go after them under tough new laws aimed at corruption and money
laundering. Bambang, meanwhile, controls two U.S.-listed companies, which could
be subject to investigation under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act.
Suharto himself has at least one strong legal shield: the
presidential decrees that laid the foundation for Suharto Inc. Former Finance
Minister Mar'ie Muhammad's anti-corruption watchdog, the Indonesian
Transparency Society, has labeled as illegal 79 of the 528 such orders issued
between 1993 and May 21, 1998. Yet Suharto was careful to have each decree
approved by his rubber-stamp parliament, usually at the end of his five-year
presidential terms. Moreover, notes Juan Felix Tampubolon, one of Suharto's
lawyers, Indonesia has a statute of limitations on most offenses: "For
every crime he committed, if any, before 1981, the right to prosecute has
expired under the statutory period." For Suharto of Indonesia, that--along
with $9 billion in an Austrian bank-- should offer considerable comfort in
retirement.
With reporting by Zamira Loebis, Jason Tedjasukmana and
Lisa Rose Weaver/Jakarta, Laird Harrison/Los Angeles, Isabella Ng/Hong Kong,
Kate Noble/London and other bureaus
sources : http://edition.cnn.com/ASIANOW/time/asia/magazine/1999/990524/cover5.html
List of 7 Most Popular Tourist Attractions in Austria
Written By Henry Pratt on Friday, June 21, 2013 | 16:12
World Tour. Austria is a country rich with history, many
tourist attractions in beautiful Austria, as well as the traditions and activities
vary each region. Austria is a neighboring Switzerland, and Austria is the
winter sports capital of Europe. However, that does not mean you do not find a
vacation spot in the summer, because in winter Austria as popular for summer
tourists who visit visiting cities and historic villages and hike in the
mountains to see the view of the Alps. In order to help guide you in building
your itinerary, below are some of the best tourist attractions in Austria which
I am sure will make your trip will be special.
1 Hallstatt
Village of Hallstatt in Winter
Tourist attractions in Austria the first I put in this
article is Hallstatt, a small village in the Salzkammergut region, which is
famous for its salt production. Most of the salt has long been a desired commodity
and used to preserve and provide flavor to foods, and the village has a long
history of founding of wealth and prestige. Wealth accumulation of Hallstatt
salt industry transform into a glamorous baroque village. Visit the underground
salt lake, the cave and see the prehistoric human Hörnerwerk preserved using
salt. Truly one of the most unique places in Austria, and you must enter the
Hallstatt for your holiday agenda.
2 St. Anton am Arlberg
Ski Arena St.Anton
Place of Interest in Other famous Austrian ski resort
area which is very often visited in Austria called St. Anton am Arlberg.
Located in the Tyrol, this village offers legendary ski area for those looking
for a challenge. This place attracts tourists very often adventurous, St Anton
is famous for its slogan "work hard, play hard". Extensive views
greet crowds of tourists in winter, and mountain climbers in the summer, which
comes to travel the landscape each year. If you are looking for a good tour, St
Anton is a decent place you visit.
3 Hofburg Imperial Palace
The official residence of the President of Austria
Located in Vienna, the Hofburg Imperial Palace serves as
the official residence of the President of Austria. This place is the winter
residence for the President of Austria, while Schönbrunn Palace (also situated
in Vienna) was the summer residence which is preferable by the President of
Austria. From the year 1438-1583 and 1612-1806, this place is the seat of the
kings and emperors of the Holy Roman Empire, and the Emperor of Austria until
1918.
4. Seefeld, Tyrol
Resort Seefeld in Austria
Tourist Attractions in Austria has twice hosted the
Winter Olympic Games, Innsbruck is the center of the famous cross-country ski
terrain compatible with for beginners and intermediate skiers. Located in a
spectacular nature reserve, Seefeld is a perfect place, not just for cold
weather sports, but also for a stroll in the warm weather and take a hike. This
place offers the most luxurious accommodation, the Hotel Seefeld that can make
your holiday relaxed.
5. Melk Abbey
Abbey of Melk Abbey in Upper Cliffs
Melk Abbey is one of the most famous monasteries in the
world. Located on a high cliff, overlooking the calm waters of the river
Danube, where the Benedictine monastery situated in peace. Previous fort
Leopold II, granted to the monks, and the monks who turned it into a place of
tranquility and learning in the year 1089. impressive spiritual center has
become one of the biggest examples of Baroque architecture and music and
liberal arts that developed in his time.
6. Hohensalzburg
Hohensalzburg palace on the Mount
Hohensalzburg is a magnificent palace in Salzburg, and
one of the Castle of the largest and most well-preserved medieval Europe. Very
strategic place located on a mountain top Festungsberg, the tower stands the
mighty fortress above the city of Salzburg, like a breath of life to the
magnificent sky. This castle has an organ with more than two hundred pipes, and
every cut is really amazing, because it is made of medieval architecture, and
it represents the heart of Salzburg. Hohensalzburg palace is one of the tourist
attractions in Austria which is very famous and popular.
7 Innsbruck Altstadt
Altstadt city in Innsbruck
Surrounded by snowcapped mountains, Innsbruck makes you
feel quite significantly in the middle of the Alps. This area offers a view of
pure and sophisticated urban centers. Altstadt is a medieval town in Innsbruck,
which can make you amazed with its unique architecture and also many shops
located in this city. When you walk the streets of the Altstadt, you can visit
one of the famous symbols Innsbruck, the Golden Roof. This house was built for
the Holy Roman Emperor, Maximilian I, and the place was decorated with
thousands of gold-plated copper tiles that create a look like pure gold.
Tourist Places in Austria is not to miss if you visit Austria.
List of 10 Places in the Netherlands the Most Popular
Tourism
Written By Henry Pratt on Tuesday, June 4, 2013 | 20:00
Advertisement
T0ur World. The Netherlands is a densely populated
country in the reclaimed from the sea with about half of its land is below sea
level. Many tourists who come to the Netherlands just to visit Amsterdam. But
this country now has a lot to offer the tourist attractions in the Netherlands.
Canals intersecting, and flat terrain that is perfect for cycling around the
city's historic center, the classic windmills and other tourist attractions
that exist throughout the Netherlands. In the west and north of the long
coastline is characterized by hills and sandy beaches. During the spring,
flower garden into a tourist attraction in the Netherlands that provides a
colorful flower garden is amazing.
Here's a list of 10 places in the Netherlands a popular
tourist:
 |
| Berlin Wall Monumnet with Antara Journalist Nanang Sunarto |
1. Amsterdam Canals
Canal in Amsterdam
1. Amsterdam Canals
Canal in Amsterdam
Amsterdam began to build the famous canals in the 17th
century during the Dutch golden age. The three main canals, Herengracht,
Prinsengracht, and Keizersgracht form concentric belts around the city, known
as Grachtengordel. Currently there are more than 100 km (60 miles) long from
these canals, and also there are 1,500 bridges. Along with the main channel,
there are also approximately 1,550 monumental buildings. Tourist attractions in
the Netherlands is a place most visited by foreign tourists.
2. Frisian Islands
Frisian Islands in the Western
West Frisian Islands or Waddeneilanden in Dutch is a
chain of islands in the North Sea off the coast of the Netherlands. The islands
separating the North Sea from the shallow Wadden Sea, the tidal mud. Tourist attractions
in the Netherlands this can help you visit the supervision of licensed guides.
Some islands in this place can be reached by walking in the mud during low
tide. In these islands, cycling is the most profitable way to transport in
these islands.
3 Keukenhof Flower Garden
Keukenhof flower gardens are very beautiful
Keukenhof Gardens is the world's largest flower garden,
and really be a promotion for the flower industry in the Netherlands.
Approximately seven million flower seedlings planted annually in the park, and
not only tulips, but also hyacinths, daffodils and other spring flowers. These
gardens are open from the last week of March to mid-May. Keukenhof is one of
the tourist attractions in the Netherlands which has always been a favorite of
tourists.
4. village of Kinderdijk
In the village of Kinderdijk Windmills
More than 1,000 old windmills in the Netherlands is still
there today. The largest concentration of windmills in the Netherlands can be
found near the village of Kinderdijk ("dike Child"). To drain excess
water from the polder, which lies below sea level. 19 windmills was built
around the year 1740 these windmills have been preserved until today and is now
a tourist spot that is quite popular in the Netherlands.
5. City of Maastricht
Church Vrijthof in Maastricht
Vrijthof is the most famous city square in Maastricht, a
city in the southern part of the Netherlands. Vrijthof is a great feature and
the Cathedral Church of Saint Servatius Saint Jan. Vrijthof regularly hosts
major festivals throughout the year, including the fall and winter, and become
tourist attractions in the Netherlands which is a favorite destination of
travelers.
6 Channel Leiden
Leiden Canal
Leiden is known for having the oldest university in the
Netherlands. Leiden is the birthplace of Rembrandt and has beautiful canals.
The two branches of the Old Rhine river entrance to the canal Leiden on the
east and united in the center of town which also contains some small canals.
Center Leiden old canal is one of the largest 17th century in the center of
town in the Netherlands, and only two of Amsterdam, so this place become
tourist attractions in the Netherlands besides Amsterdam most travelers visit.
7 Delft City Hall
Delft City Hall
City Hall in Delft is a Renaissance-style building in the
square opposite the Nieuwe Markt Kerk (New Church). At first City Hall was
designed by the Dutch architect Hendrick de Keyser, but where it has greatly
changed over the centuries and was restored in the 20th century with the
appearance Renaisansnya, and is now one of the tourist attractions in the
Netherlands.
8. Hoga Veluwe National Park
Autumn Hoga Veluwe National Park
Hoge Veluwe National Park is one of the largest
continuous nature reserves in the Netherlands, which consists of grasslands,
sand dunes, and forests. Kröller-Müller Museum has a large collection of
paintings by Vincent van Gogh which depicts about this park. Here, Bicycles are
available free of charge to visitors Hoge Veluwe, because many areas in this
place that is not accessible by car. So the tourist attractions in the
Netherlands has become favorite destination of tourists who love the beauty of
nature.
9. Museum Rijksmuseum
Museum Rijksmuseum in the Netherlands
Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam is the largest and most
prestigious museum for art and history in the Netherlands. The museum has a
large collection of paintings from the Dutch Golden Age including works by
Vermeer and Rembrandt. Until the year 2013, this museum has been completely
renovated, but the major works in this museum still remains, and this museum
has become a tourist spot in the Netherlands the most frequent travelers
kujungi by art lovers.
10 Delta Project
Dams in the Delta Project
Project Delta or Delta Works are a series of
constructions built between 1950 and 1997 in the province of Zeeland and South
Holland Netherlands to protect a wide region of the ocean. Delta Project works
consist of dams, floodgates, locks, dikes, and storm surge barrier. This place
has been declared as one of the Seven Wonders of the Modern World by the
American Society of Civil Engineers, and become tourist attractions in the
Netherlands are very popular.
Your list 10 Tourist Attractions in Germany the Top
Written By Henry Pratt on Monday, June 3, 2013 | 18:45
Advertisement
T0ur World. Although the tourist attractions in Germany
is still relatively little known or understood by foreigners in compare some
other European countries such as Italy, France, England and Spain. But since
reunification, Germany has gained a higher profile as a tourist destination in
Europe. The most popular tourist destinations in Germany are Berlin, one of the
most exciting capitals in Europe. Many other major cities in Germany which has
a proud history as an independent state or city as the capital of the kingdom
in their own country. But the tourist attractions in Germany by no means
confined to the cities, as many other great attractions that can be found in
every corner of this country.
Here's a list of 10 attractions in Germany are the most
popular:
1 Brandenburg Gate
Brandenburg Gate
The Brandenburg Gate is the only gate of the city that
are still alive from Berlin and symbolizes the reunification of East and West
Berlin. Built in the 18th century, including the Brandenburg Gate Unter den Linden.
Highway with a very prominent characteristic linden tree, which never lead
directly palace of the king of Prussia. This place is considered as one of the
tourist attractions in Germany are most famous in Europe.
2 Holstentor
City gate Holstentor
Holstentor is one of the two remaining city gates from
the city of Lübeck. Built in 1464, this gate now serves as a museum and made in
the tourist attractions in Germany. Holstentor is unique in its architecture,
two round towers Because the arched entrance was regarded as a symbol of the
city of Lübeck. Together with the old city center (Altstadt) Lubeck is one of
the major tourist attractions in Germany.
3. Oktoberfest
The biggest beer festival in the World
Oktoberfest in Munich is the largest festival in the
world with over 6 million visitors annually. Despite the name, Oktoberfest
starts in late September to the first weekend in October. This festival has
become An important part of Bavarian culture, this festival has been held since
1810 Visitors can enjoy a variety of traditional beer such as Hendl,
Schweinebraten, Würstl, Knödel and a large number of other German beers at an
affordable rate. That's why this place became one of the tourist attractions in
Germany are the most popular.
4. Frauenkirche
Old Church Frauenkirche
Located in the city of Dresden, the Frauenkirche (Church
of Our Lady) is a Lutheran church that was completely destroyed during World
War II. This church was reconstructed using the original plans of the 1720s and
reopened in 2005 City of Coventry, made by the Luftwaffe to donate a golden
cross for the dome of the church. Since this place opened again, the
Frauenkirche has become a very popular tourist attraction in Dresden. In 2009
the church was visited by President Barack Obama, and became one of atu choice
of tourist attractions in Germany.
5. Rügen Cliffs
Beautiful cliffs in Rugen
Rügen Cliffs is a cliff located at Jasmund National Park
in the northeast of the island of Rügen. The constant erosion of the cliff face
in the limestone cliffs tower high above the Baltic Sea. This has a high cliff
118 meters (387 feet), and Königsstuhl (chair king) is the most magnificent
part of this cliff. Forests are still natural and never impaired behind the
cliffs are also part of the national park and become tourist attractions in
Germany is quite popular.
6 Neuschwanstein
Neuschwanstein Castle on the hill
Neuschwanstein is located on a steep hill near Fussen in
southwest Bavaria. This place was the inspiration for the castle at Disneyland
Parks sleeping princess. This castle is made by King Ludwig II of Bavaria
declared insane when the fort is almost completed in 1886 and was found dead a
few days later. Neuschwanstein is the most photographed building in the country
and one of the tourist attractions in Germany are the most popular.
7 Heidelberg Old City
Old town Heidelberg
Located in the valley of the Neckar River, Heidelberg is
one of the tourist attractions in Germany are the most popular. During World
War II, the city was almost completely spared by allied bombing which destroyed
most of the other major cities in Germany. Consequently, Heidelberg has
retained the charm of the narrow alleys, the beautiful houses and the famous
Heidelberg Castle.
8. Cologne Cathedral
Bridge connecting to Cologne Cathedral
This place is the largest Gothic cathedral in Germany,
Cologne Cathedral (Kölner Dom) has become the most famous symbol of Cologne
over the centuries and became a tourist destination in Germany. Construction of
Cologne Cathedral began in 1248 and took the interruptions, more than 600 years
to complete. The cathedral is dedicated to Saints Peter and Mary and is the
seat of the Catholic Archbishop of Cologne.
9. Lindau
Historic Town of Lindau is very fascinating
This historic town is located near the meeting point of
the borders of Austria, Germany and Switzerland in the eastern part of Lake Constance
(Bodensee). The city is connected to the mainland by bridges and trains and has
a population of about 3,000 inhabitants. Filled with medieval buildings and
half wood, Lindau be become tourist attractions in Germany is quite popular.
10 Romantic Rhine
Cities along the Rhine
Romantic Rhine is the most famous part of the Rhine city.
Rhine River in the city's roads carve through the vineyard-covered it with
countless castles and ruins of historical relics. This river is an important
trade route to Central Europe since ancient times and a number of small towns
that have grown up along the banks. These cities are limited in size, many old
towns in this place that still retains the shape of the original buildings
still remain, so this place is worth menjada one of the tourist attractions in
Germany that has a long history.
5 City Sightseeing in Budapest
Tourist Attractions Budapest River Cruise Parliament
Building in the City of Budapest, Hungary, in At Night
Parliament building in the city of Budapest, Hungary, in
At Night (source: FoxNews)
There are a number of interesting tourist sites that can
be visited by tourists during a visit to the Hungarian capital.
Budapest, the capital of Hungary, might be the one of the
cities on the European continent that has the most beautiful scenery.
Remarkably, the city is connected to all major roads and
railways of Europe, which led to Budapest has always been a favorite destination
among the many interesting spots in the blue continent.
As reported by FoxNews pages, following a number of
interesting tourist sites owned by the city of Budapest, Hungary.
Castle Buddhist
This historic place is one of the UNESCO World Cultural
Heritage site designated since 1987 ago.
Built in the 14th and 15th centuries, this place is the
first palace built by the Gothic style of architecture influenced by the
Baroque ornamentation.
Heroes Square
Tourists can find a historic square near the entrance to
City Park, at the threshold region Andrassy Avenue.
Heroes Square is home to the Center for the Arts, the
Fine Arts Museum and the Millennium Monument which was built in 1896, to
commemorate the 1,000 th anniversary of the arrival of the Carpathian Basin
into Hungarian.
Spa City
Budapest is the only capital city in the world that have
hot springs. For this reason, Budapest is known as the 'city of spas'.
The tradition dates back to the 2nd century AD, when the
Romans enjoyed the water source to the treatment. For the present, Budapest
offers 15 sites free hot water bath enjoyed by the public.
Szechenyi Bridge
Bridge built by British engineer, William Tierney, the
permanent natural stone that connects the Buda with Pest. Beautiful stretches
over the Danube River, the bridge was decorated with a giant chain offers a
spectacular view of Buda Castle and the entire area of the city.
Now, this became the most famous tourist sites in
Hungary, and has become a tourist icon that must be visited by the Hungarian
among tourists.
Dohany Street Synagogue
Old Jewish district region is the location where the
Dohany Street Synagogue is located. This place is home to Europe's largest
Jewish worship and became the center of Neolog Judaism teachings.
This place has the Jewish Museum, Jewish cemeteries and
Holocaust memorial. Each visit to the Dohany Street will amaze you with its
rich history and architectural beauty. (Continued)
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